VOLUME I ISSUE IV
Renu Malsaria, Vishnu Srivastava, G.S.Sharma July 2012
Linearity improvement is one of the most critical issues in the development of highpower, high frequency TWT. Higher linearity allows utilizing more compact and less expensive power supplies. Furthermore, high-efficiency Travelling wave tubes can operate more reliably and have longer lifetime due to reduced collector loading. While the high-power outputs and wide gain-band widths make TWTs ideally suited for these purposes, the nonlinearity of these devices results in amplitude, phase and spectral distortion. Nonlinear distortion products appear as harmonics and for multi-carrier operation also as intermodulation products, at the output of the amplifier thus limiting the usable bandwidth of the amplifier and degrading fundamental efficiency. In this paper, design and development of a Ku-band 140W Helix TWT for improved linearity and high efficiency will be presented.
- Renu Malsaria
MWT Division,
Central Electronics Engineering & Research Institute (CEERI) Pilani, Rajasthan, India. - Vishnu Srivastava
Head of the Huminities & science Dept., GLATIM, Mathura,[UP], India. - G. S. Sharma
Ph.D.Pursuing, Researcher
(CEERI) Pilani, Rajasthan.
References
[1] V Srivastava, et.al. “Design of High Efficiency Space TWT,” (March-April 1999) IETE Tech Review, vol.16, no.2,, pp.249- 254.
[2] V Srivastava, et.al “Design of helix SWS for high efficiency TWTs” (Dec.2000) IEEE Trans., vol.ED-47, no.12, pp.2438-44.
[3] https://www.cst.com
[4] MK Alaria, A Bera & AK Sinha & V Srivastava, ‘Analysis of Helix Slow Wave Structure for High Efficiency Space TWT’, Journal of Infrared Millimetre, and Terahertz Waves, Vol. 30, No. 3, March, 2009, Page 211-216.
[5] V Srivastava and SN Joshi” One-dimensional nonlinear model for helix TWTs” J. Instn. Of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineers (JIETE), India, vol.6, no.6, pp500-507, Nov- Dec.1989.
[6] V Srivastava and SN Joshi ‘Improved non-linear model for multi-signal analysis of helix TWTs’, IEEE Proceedings (UK), vol.139, Pt.H, no.2 Pp.129-134, April 1992
[7] V Srivastava,’2.5-Dimensional multi-signal large Signal analysis of helix TWTs’, IETE Journal of Research (India), vol.49, no.2, July-August, 2003, pp 239-246
[8] R.O.Jenkins and R.G.Carter Lancaster university “Design of pitch profile for high linearity helix TWT amplifiers” (May 2001) displays and vacuum electronic conference, Garmisch- Patenkirchen, Germany .pp49-54.
Renu Malsaria, Vishnu Srivastava, G.S.Sharma “Improved non-linearity of Helix SWS for a high efficiency TWT” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.1 issue 4, pp.01-04 2012
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Ashu Bhardwaj July 2012
In today‟s high –tech Platinum era ,the meaning of Personality has changed. Several determinants such as Stress, Anger, Guilt, various Passions etc decide and streamline our Personality. Through this article attention has been pulled, to have a thought that if we consciously control, certain behavioural determinants in our life, a Dynamic Personality can be organized. Faulty adjustive patterns and maladaptive behaviour are the reasons which affect the development of strong Personality. These determinants should be evaluated and identified so that complimenting counter-actions can be taken before they become a threat for our behaviour. Today it has been proved by the scientists that our habits, traits, beliefs and emotions impact our neural and physiological systems so it can be said that a strong and dynamic personality is the owner of a healthy body too. Thus adjusting our mal-behavioural patterns can help us in organizing a balanced healthy and Dynamic Personality.
- Ashu Bhardwaj
Prof.
MIT School of Business Pune, India
References
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Ashu Bhardwaj “Adjust your Behaviour for a Dynamic Personality” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.1 issue 4, pp.06-12 2012
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Mohit Tomar, Narender Sharma, Vineet Kumar July 2012
To compete in today’s industry environment, companies must keep up with the leading technologies and processes and also push the boundaries and develop new and improved products and processes. Shortening the lead-time for introducing a new product to the market has always been important to maximize profits and competitiveness. Recent developments in Computer Aided Design (CAD) technologies have significantly reduced the overall design cycle. However, the manufacturing process of the production mold still relies on slow and expensive machining processes. The Manufacturing Industry is an area where time, efficiency and accuracy are the major driving forces behind innovation and research. The most competitive companies are those who continually reduce process times, increase efficiency and improve accuracy. Rapid Prototyping is an area that has and is continuing to reduce production time and increase efficiency and accuracy in developing and manufacturing prototypes compared to traditional prototype manufacture. The research development of Rapid Prototyping (RP) is to give the Rapid manufacturing the needed confidence to go on to customized/tailor made product.
- Mohit Tomar
Gitam Kablana, Jhajjar Haryana, India - Narender Sharma
Assistant Professor
ME Department ,VCE Rohtak, Haryana, India - Vineet kumar
Assistant Professor
ME Department ,VCE Rohtak, Haryana, India
References
[1] Investment casting using FDM/ABS Rapid Prototype Patterns by Paul Blake.
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[5] Dilip Sahebrao Ingole; Abhay Madhusudan Kuthe,”Rapid Prototyping –a Technology transfer approach for development of rapid tooling”; Rapid Prototyping Journal Vol.:15, No.:4, July 31,(2009),Pg 280-290.
[6] Loose, K., Investigation of Optimum Process Parameters for Burnout of SLA Parts, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo.
[7] Koch, K., FDM of ABS Patterns for Investment Casting, California Polytechnic State University, July1997.Stratasys Inc., Model Finishing Techniques, July 1996. Sims, M., Testing Results of ABS Pattern Material, Solidform Inc., October 1997. Brandt, D. A., Quality of Investment Casting Using Rapid Prototype Patterns, Milwaukee School of Engineering.
[8] Alain Bernard, Jean-Charles Delplace, Nicolas Perry and Serge Gabriel; “Integration of CAD and rapid manufacturing for sand casting optimization”; Rapid Prototyping Journal; Vol9, No.5, (2003), pp. 327–333
[9] C. W. Lee, C. K. Chua, C. M. Cheah, L. H. Tan, C. Feng; “Rapid investment Casting: direct and indirect approaches via fused deposition modeling”; International Journal Adv Manufacturing Technology, (2004), vol23: pg 93–101.
[10] S. Jones, C. Yuan; “Advances in shell molding for investment casting”; Journal of Materials Processing Technology; vol.135, (2003), pg 258–265.
[11] W.L. Yao and Ming C. Leu; “Analysis of shell cracking in investment casting with laser stereolithography patterns”; Rapid Prototyping Journal; Volume 5, Number 1,(1999),pg 2–20.
[12] D.K. Pal, Dr.B. Ravi; “Rapid tooling route selection and evaluation for sand and Investment casting”; Virtual and Physical Prototyping Journal; 2(4), pg197-207, (2007).
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[16] Che Chung Wang, Shr-Shiung Hu; “Optimizing the rapid prototyping process by Integrating the Taguchi method with the Gray relational analysis”; Rapid Prototyping Journal; Vol 13,No.5, (2007), 304–315.
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[21] Loose, K., Investigation of Optimum Process Parameters for Burnout of SLA Parts, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo.
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Mohit Tomar, Narender Sharma, Vineet Kumar “Shell Thickness for Investment Casting Process” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.1 issue 4, pp.19-24 2012
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Aditi Sharma, Sangeeta Jain, Nakul Mangal, Mohit Arora July 2012
A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous system of mobile nodes, a kind of a wireless network where the mobile nodes dynamically form a network to exchange information without utilizing any pre-existing fixed network infrastructure. For a MANET to be constructed, all needed is a node willing to send data to a node willing to accept data. Each mobile node of anad-hoc network operates as a host as well as a router, forwarding packets for other mobile nodes in the network that may not be within the transmission range of the source mobile node. Each node participates in an ad-hoc routing protocol that allows it to discover multi-hop paths through the network to any other node.
- Aditi Sharma
Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science
CIT College, Abu Road, India - Sangeeta Jain
Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science
CIT College Abu Road, India - Nakul Mangal
Assistant Professor, Department of EC
Shri USB college of Engineering &Management, India - Mohit Arora
Assistant Professor, Department of EC
Shri USB college of Engineering &Management, India
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[3] T. Gross, J.-P. Hubaux, J.-Y. Le Boudec and M. Vetterli: Toward Self-Organized Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: The Terminode Project‖, IEEE Communication Magazine, vol.39, issue 1, pp. 118-124, 2001.
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[6] Mathijs den Burger and Thilo Kielmann, MOB: Zeroconfiguration High throughput Multicasting for Grid Applications, HPDC 2007, Monterey, CA, USA, June 2007
[7] Rauf Izmailov, Samrat Ganguly, Nan Tu, Fast Parallel File Replication in Data Grid, Future of Grid Data Environments Workshop, Berlin, Germany, March 2004
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[16] S. Deering, D.L. Extrin, D. Farinacci, V. Jacobson, Liu and L.Wei, ―The PIM Architecture for Wide – Area Multicast Routing,‖ IEEE / ACM Transactions on networking, Vol4 no.2, Apr 1996, pp.153-162.
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Aditi Sharma, Sangeeta Jain, Nakul Mangal, Mohit Arora “A Security Architecture for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering,Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.1 issue 4, pp.25-29 2012
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Mohit Tomar, Narender Sharma, Vineet Kumar July 2012
Usually the previous end milling experimental study based on spindle speed ,feed rate and depth of cut and these cutting parameters are use for optimization of end milling operations .Due to the highly competitive Global competition and precision product requirements other important machining parameter must be optimise for the best process optimization. This research effort focuses on the role of the stepover ratio in CNC end milling operations and it was investigated in order to minimize cyclic time ,milling power and surface roughness. In the present work, Taguchi’s technique for Design of Experiment L9 (34) Orthogonal Array (OA) has been explored to produce 9 pocket by end milling operation on mild steel workpiece . The mild Steel is processed at a digitally controlled computerized numerical control (CNC) milling using cutting fluid with three different levels of experiments. The optimum condition for the quality characteristics and contribution of individual parameters have been establish through ANOVA of raw and signal to noise ratio analysis.
- Mohit Tomar
Gitam Kablana, Jhajjar Haryana, India - Narender Sharma
Assistant Professor
ME Department ,VCE Rohtak, Haryana, India - Vineet kumar
Assistant Professor
ME Department ,VCE Rohtak, Haryana, India
References
[1] E.S.Topal, The role of stepover ratio in prediction of surface roughness in flat end milling, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 51 (2009) 782–789.
[2] Rao,‖ Manufacturing Technology Vol-II 2E ‖,The McGraw-Hill Companies (207-209).
[3] Roy, R.K., 2001, ―Design of Experiments using The Taguchi Approach: 16 Steps to Product and Process Improvement‖. John Wiley & Sons,Inc.
[4] E. Daniel Kirby ―A Parameter design study in a turning operation using the taguchi method‖ the Technology Interface/Fall 2006.
[5] Singh H, Kumar P ―Optimizing cutting force for turned parts using Taguchi’s parameter design‖ Sadhana Vol. 31, Part 6, December 2006, pp. 671–681. © Printed in India 2005.
[6] D. Philip Selvaraj, P. Chandramohan,―Optimization of surface roughness of aisi 304 austenitic stainless steel in dry turning operation using taguchi design method ‖,Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 5, No. 3 (2010) 293 – 301.
Mohit Tomar, Narender Sharma, Vineet Kumar “Step over Influence on Cyclic Time, Using Taguchi Design Method” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering,Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.1 issue 4, pp.30-34 2012
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Nakul Mangal,Sangeeta Jain, Aditi Sharma July 2012
Energy supply in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is limited and non replenishable, and energy efficiency is the most important feature in designing these networks. One way to reduce the energy consumption of WSNs and hence prolong the lifespan of these networks is to use adaptive clustering algorithms. Many algorithms had been used to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we are going to compare the algorithms which has been already applied on this energy consumption problem.
- Nakul Mangal
Assistant Professor, Department of EC
Shri USB college of Engineering &Management, India - Sangeeta Jain
Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science
CIT College Abu Road, India - Aditi Sharma
Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science
CIT College Abu Road, India
References
[1] W. R. Heinzelman, A. P. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, “Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Micro sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Science, Jan. 2000.
[2] W. B Heinzelman, A. P Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, “An applicationspecific protocol architecture for wireless micro sensor networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 660-70, October 2002.
[3] J. Tillet, R. Rao, and F.Sahin, “Clusterhead identification in ad hoc sensor networks using particle swarm optimization,” IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications, pp. 201-205, December 2002.
[4] N. M. Abdul Latiff, C. C. tsimenidis, B. S. Sharif “Energy-aware clustering for WSN using PSO”. The 18th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC’07).
[5] Morteza Ziyadi, Keyvan Yasami, Bahman Abolhassani “Adaptive clustering for energy efficient WSN based on ant colony optimization.” 2009 Seventh Annual Communication Networks and Services Research Conference.
[6] M.O. Farooq, A.B. Dogar, G.A. Shah “ MR-LEACH: Multi-hop Routing with Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy” 2010 IEEE.
[7] Ouadoudi Zytoune, Youssef Fakhri, Driss Aboutajdine “A novel energy aware clustering technique for routing in WSN”. Wireless Sensor Network, 2010, 2, 233- 238 doi:10.4236/wsn.2010.23031 Published Online March 2010).
[8] J. Kennedy and R. C. Eberhart, “Particle Swarm Optimization,” IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, Perth, Australia, vol.4, pp. 1942-1948, 1995.
[9] D. E. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization
Nakul Mangal,Sangeeta Jain, Aditi Sharma “Energy Consumption Pattern in Wireless Sensor Network” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.1 issue 4, pp.39-45 2012
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Nidhi Jain, Vidhi Sharma July 2012
This paper studies a new approach of risk management in distributed software development along with the organizational structure.
- Nidhi Jain
Student,
Amity University, India - Vidhi Sharma
Assistant Professor,
U.S.B College. Abu Road, India
References
1.Softw are, 8(1):32-41.
2. Dorofee, A. J. et al. 1996. Continuous Risk Management Guide Book, SEI, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
3. Galagher B. P., Software Acquisition Risk Management Key Process Area (KPA) A Guidebook Version 1.02, SEI report CMU/SEI-99- HB-001, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, October 1999.
4. Jones C., Assessment and Control of Software Risks, Prentice Hall, 1994.
5. Hall, E. M. 1998. Managing Risk: Methods for Software Systems Development, Addison- Wesley, Reading, U.K.
6. Hogarth, R. M. 1987. Judgment and Choice, John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.
7. Higuera R. P. and Haimes, Y. Y. 1996. Software Risk Management, Technical Report, Report # CMU/SEI-96-TR-012, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
8.the Psychology of Pred Review, 80, 237-251.
9. Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., and Tversky, A. 1982. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, Cambridge University Press, New York.
10. Karolak, D. 1996. Software Engineering Risk Management, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, USA.
11. Karolak, D. 1998. Software Engineering Risk and Just-
12. Dr Dale F. Cooper, .Implementing Risk Management: Organization and Cultural aspectsof risk management., (n.d.), Retrieved: 3 September 2004, URL:https://www.broadleaf.com.au/publications/C AE_Nov_03_COOPER_Organisational_and Cultural_Aspects_of_RM_Implementation.pdf
13. RISK MANAGEMENT IN DISTRIBUTED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT: A PROCESS INTEGRATION PROPOSAL
14. Rafael Prikladnicki School of Computer Science, PUCRS, rafael@inf.pucrs.br
15. Marcelo Hideki Yamaguti School of Computer Science, PUCRS, yamaguti@inf.pucrs.br
16. Dante Carlos Antunes antunesdancec@aol.com
17. Critical Personnel and Leadership in Network Organizations Craig Schreiber August, 2006 CMU-ISRI-06-120.
Nidhi Jain, Vidhi Sharma “Software Development Environment” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.1 issue 4, pp.46-49 2012
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Pardeep Rana, Mohit Tomar, Narender Sharma July 2012
Introduction
As the product literature of one generator company points out: “Although power output and generation efficiency are very low, useful power often may be obtained where a source of heat is available.” This statement is intriguing because it packs many ideas together and suggests a space where electricity is desirable, yet the conventional power grid is insufficient. The first half of this paper examines this statement through the history of human electrical power development It also poses questions of quantitative nature – how low is “very low” ? – and questions of a more subjective nature – when does power become useful and who makes such determinations? In order to answer these questions, it is useful to pay attention to who is paying attention.
- Pardeep Rana
Assistant Professor EE Department
Sat Kabir Institute of Technology And Management, India - Mohit Tomar
Gitam Kablana, Jhajjar Haryana, India - Narender Sharma
Assistant Professor
ME Department ,VCE Rohtak, Haryana, India
References
1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis (Working Group I of the IPCC, World Meteorological Organization – U.N. Environment Program, Geneva), January 2001; and National Research Council (NRC), Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions, Committee on the Science of Climate Change, (National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2001).
2 D. M. Kammen and R. M. Margolis, “Evidence of Under-Investment in Energy R&D Policy in the United States and the Impact of Federal Policy,” Energy Policy 27 (1999), 575–84; and R. M. Margolis and D. M. Kammen, “Under-investment: The Energy Technology and R&D Policy Challenge,” Science 285 (1999), 690– 92.
3 This work appeared in two influential forms that reached dramatically different audiences: A. B. Lovins, “Energy Strategy: The Road Not Taken,” Foreign Affairs (1976), 65–96; and A. B. Lovins, Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace (New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1977).
4 A. V. Herzog, T. E. Lipman, and D. M. Kammen, “Renewable Energy Sources,” in Our Fragile World: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Development, forerunner to the Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Volume 1, Section 1 (UNESCO-EOLSS Secretariat, EOLSS Publishers Co. Ltd., 2001).
5 P. Mazza, Harvesting Clean Energy for Rural Development: Wind, Climate Solutions Special Report, January 2001.
6 Kammen and Margolis, note 2 above.
7 U.S. Department of Energy, Renewable Energy Technology Characterizations, Topical Report Prepared by DOE Office of Utility Technologies and EPRI, TR-109496, December 1997.
8 Bard Haevner and Marianne Zugel (2001) Predictably Unpredictable: Volatility in Future Energy Supply and Price From California’s Over Dependence on Natural Gas, CALIPIRG Charitable Trust Research Report, September, 2001).
9 R. L. Ottinger et al., Environmental Costs of Electricity (New York: Oceana Publications, Inc., 1991); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Annual Energy Outlook 2000, DOE/EIA-0383 (00), Energy Information Administration, Washington, D. C., December 2000;
Pardeep Rana, Mohit Tomar, Narender Sharma “Electrical Power Generation Systems” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.1 issue 4, pp.50-55 2012
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Nakul Mangal, Sangeeta Jain, Aditi Sharma July 2012
This is a review paper which compare the different models for noise cancellation. Our purpose is to compare the performance of different models with their advantages and disadvantages. This paper deals with the concept of adaptive noise cancellation through sub-band decomposition of FIR filter and simple structure of without sub-band .The sub-band structure implements an adaptive FIR of length N as a parallel combination of L branches, with each branch composed of a cascade of a fixed interpolator and adaptive filter containing at least N/L non zero coefficients. The sub-band structure presents superior convergence performance for input signals when compared to the conventional direct form LMS structure, with a very small increase in number of operations. The advantages of using the sub-band structure are shown through the acoustic echo canceller, noise canceller and channel equalizer application.
- Nakul Mangal
Assistant Professor, Department of EC
Shri USB college of Engineering &Management, India - Sangeeta Jain
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science
CIT College Abu Road, India - Aditi Sharma
Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science
CIT College Abu Road, India
References
[1] B.Widrow etal.,”Adaptive noise cancellation principle and applications”. Proc. IEEE, vol.63, no. 12, dec.1975
[2] A. Abutalab,”Adaptive noise cancelling and nonlinear estimation theory ,”in Proc 22nd Ann. Allerton Conf. Univ. of Illinois At Urbana, Chicago, IL Oct. 1984.
[3] S. K. Mitra. M. R. Petraglia. And A. Mahalanobis.”Structure sub- band Implementation of adaptive filters,”Proc. 24th Asilomar Con. on Signals, Systems,And Computers, Pacific Grove, CA November 1990, pp. 232-235.
[4] R. Brennan and T. Schneider, “Filter bank Structure and Method for Filtering and Separating an Information Signal into Different Bands, Particularly for Audio Signal in Hearing Aids”. United State Patent 6,236,731. WO 98/47313. April 16, 1997
[5] S. S. Narayan. A. M. Peterson, and M. J.Narasimha,Transformdomain LMS Algorithm,” IEEE Trans. On Acoustics,Speech, & Signal Processing, vol. ASSP31.June 1983, pp. 609-614
[6] A.V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer. Discrete Time Signal Processing, Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs, NJ, June, 1989.
[7] G. A. Clark and M. A. Soderstrand “Transform domain adaptive filtering via recursive DFT.” Proc. IEEE Intl. Symp. On Circuits systems, Kyoto, Japan June 1985 pp. 1113 -1116.
Nakul Mangal, Sangeeta Jain, Aditi Sharma “Subband Implementation of Adaptive Filter” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.1 issue 4, pp.56-59 2012
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Pardeep Rana, Mohit Tomar, Vineet Kumar July 2012
The aim of this paper to improve the voltage regulation in a transmission system through FACTS devices, complete close-loop smooth control of reactive power can be achieve the using shunt connected FACTS devices STATCOM is one of the shunt connected FACTS device, which can be utilize for the purpose of reactive power compensation. This paper is present the Comparisons of FACTS Devices on the basis of its terminal characteristics and conclude, which FACTS device is better for effective voltage stability to improve power quality of the transmission system.
- Pardeep Rana
Assistant Professor EE Department
Sat Kabir Institute of Technology And Management, India - Mohit Tomar
Gitam Kablana, Jhajjar Haryana, India - Vineet Kumar Assistant Professor
ME Department ,VCE Rohtak, Haryana, India
References
1.Arthit Sode-Yome and N. Mithulananthan Electric Power System Management, Energy Field of Study, Asian Institute of technology
2. https://cr4.globalspec.com/ and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
3. J. V. Coevering, J. P. Stovall, R. L. Hauth, P. J. Tatto, B. D. Railing and B. K. Johnson, „The next generation of HVDC- needed R&D, equipment costs, and cost comparisons,‟ Proc. EPRI Conference of Future of Power Delivery, Washington DC, 1996.
4. Massimo Pozzi, Sandro Corsi CESI, Via R. Rubattino 54, 20134 Milan, Italy STATCOM Modeling for Voltage and Angle Stability Studies
5.K.R. padiyar “FACTS controllers in power transmission and distribution”
6.R.mohan mathur, Rajive K verma. Thyristore based controllers for electrical transmission system, IEEE
7.C.L.Wadhwa, Electrical power system.
8.Nagrath and Kothari, Modern power system analysis.
Pardeep Rana, Mohit Tomar, Vineet Kumar “Comparison of Voltage Stability to Improvement Power Quality” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.1 issue 4, pp.56-59 2012
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Nakul Mangal, Sangeeta Jain, Aditi Sharma July 2012
A beam tunnel for a 42 GHz, 200 kW gyrotron for an Indian TOKAMAK system has been designed. The initial design of the beam tunnel has been carried out on the basis of the required electron beam parameters at the interaction cavity and the electron beam simulation of the magnetron injection gun. The design optimization of the beam tunnel has been done with the help of 3-D simulation software CST-Microwave Studio. In the simulation, the absorption, the reflection and the transmission of RF power by the beam tunnel have been analyzed. Three different lossy ceramics, Al2O3–SiC, AlN–SiC and BeO– SiC have been investigated during the simulation. The simulation results obtained with CST-Microwave Studio have been validated with another 3-D simulation software HFSS. The Q value of the beam tunnel for different ceramic material has also been analyzed to investigate the parasitic mode excitation in the beam tunnel.
- Nakul Mangal
Assistant Professor, Department of EC
Shri USB college of Engineering &Management, India - Sangeeta Jain
Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science
CIT College Abu Road, India - Aditi Sharma
Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science
CIT College Abu Road, India
References
1. V. A. Flyagin, A. V. Gaponov, I. Petelin, and V. K. Yulpatov, “The gyrotron,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theor. Tech. 25 (6), 514–521 (1977).
2. K. L. Felch, B. G. Danly, H. R. Jory, K. E. Kreischer, W. Lawson, B. Levush, and R. J. Temkin, “Characteristics and applications of fast-wave gyro-devices,” Proc. IEEE 87 (5), 752–781 (1999).
3. C. J. Edgcombe (ed.), Gyrotron oscillators: their principles and practice (Taylor & Francis, London, 1993).
4. D. R. Whaley and M. Q. Tran, “Equilibrium and space-charge wave analysis of electron beams in conducting and absorbing gyrotron beam tunnels,” Int. J. Electronics 74 (5), 771–791 (1993).
5. S. Kern, A. Schlaich, J. Flamm, G. Gantenbein, G. Latsas, T. Rzensnicki, et al., Investigations on Parasitic Oscillations in Megawatt Gyrotron, 34th IRMMW Confrence, Busan, 21–25 Sept 2009.
6. W. B. Herrmannsfeldt, EGUN-an electron optics and gun design program, Stanford Linear Accelerator EE Trans. Plasma Sci. 26 (3), 922–930 (1998).
Nakul Mangal, Sangeeta Jain, Aditi Sharma “Design of Beam Tunnel for 42 GHz, 200 kW Gyrotron” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.1 issue 4, pp.68-73 2012
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Mohit Tomar, Vineet Kumar, Narender Sharma July 2012
Renewable energy systems—notably solar, wind, and biomass—are poised to play a major role in the energy economy and in improving the environmental quality of the United States. California’s energy crisis focused attention on and raised fundamental questions about regional and national energy strategies. Prior to the crisis in California, there had been too little attention given to appropriate power plant siting issues and to bottlenecks in transmission and distribution. A strong national energy policy is now needed. Renewable technologies have become both economically viable and environmentally preferable alternatives to fossil fuels. Last year the United States spent more than $600 billion on energy, with U.S. oil imports climbing to $120 billion, or nearly $440 of imported oil for every American. In the long term, even a natural gas- based strategy will not be adequate to prevent a buildup of unacceptably high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Both the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) recent Third Assessment Report and the National Academy of Sciences’ recent analysis of climate change science concluded that climate change is real and must be addressed immediately—and that U.S. policy needs to be directed toward implementing clean energy solutions.1 Renewable energy technologies have made important and dramatic technical, economic, and operational advances during the past decade. A national energy policy and climate change strategy should be formulated around these advances. Despite dramatic technical and economic advances in clean energy systems, the United States has seen far too little research and development (R&D) and too few incentives and sustained programs to build markets for renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency programs.2 Not since the late1970s has there been a more compelling and conducive environment for an integrated, large-scale approach to renewable energy innovation and market expansion.3 Clean, low-carbon energy choices now make both economic and environmental sense, and they provide the domestic basis for our energy supply that will provide security, not dependence on unpredictable overseas fossil fuels. Energy issues in the United States have created ―quick fix‖ solutions that, while politically expedient, will ultimately do the country more harm than good. It is critical to examine all energy. options, and never before have so many technological solutions been available to address energy needs. In the near term, some expansion of the nation’s fossil fuel (particularly natural gas) supply is warranted to keep pace with rising demand, but that expansion should be balanced with measures to develop cleaner energy solutions for the future. Our best short-term options for the United States are energy efficiency, conservation, and expanded markets for renewable energy.
- Mohit Tomar
Gitam Kablana, Jhajjar Haryana, India - Vineet Kumar Assistant Professor
ME Department ,VCE Rohtak, Haryana, India - Narender Sharma Assistant Professor
ME Department ,VCE Rohtak, Haryana, India
References
1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis (Working Group I of the IPCC, World Meteorological Organization – U.N. Environment Program, Geneva), January 2001; and National Research Council (NRC), Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions, Committee on the Science of Climate Change, (National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2001).
2 D. M. Kammen and R. M. Margolis, ―Evidence of Under- Investment in Energy R&D Policy in the United States and the Impact of Federal Policy,‖ Energy Policy 27 (1999), 575–84; and R. M. Margolis and D. M. Kammen, ―Under-investment: The Energy Technology and R&D Policy Challenge,‖ Science 285 (1999), 690–92.
3 This work appeared in two influential forms that reached dramatically different audiences: A. B. Lovins, ―Energy Strategy: The Road Not Taken,‖ Foreign Affairs (1976), 65–96; and A. B. Lovins, Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace (New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1977).
4 A. V. Herzog, T. E. Lipman, and D. M. Kammen, ―Renewable Energy Sources,‖ in Our Fragile World: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Development, forerunner to the Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Volume 1, Section 1 (UNESCO-EOLSS Secretariat, EOLSS Publishers Co. Ltd., 2001).
5 P. Mazza, Harvesting Clean Energy for Rural Development: Wind, Climate Solutions Special Report, January 2001.
6 Kammen and Margolis, note 2 above.
7 U.S. Department of Energy, Renewable Energy Technology Characterizations, Topical Report Prepared by DOE Office of Utility Technologies and EPRI, TR-109496, December 1997.
8 Bard Haevner and Marianne Zugel (2001) Predictably Unpredictable: Volatility in Future Energy Supply and Price From California’s Over Dependence on Natural Gas, CALIPIRG Charitable Trust Research Report, September, 2001).
9 R. L. Ottinger et al., Environmental Costs of Electricity (New York: Oceana Publications, Inc., 1991); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Annual Energy Outlook 2000, DOE/EIA-0383 (00), Energy Information Administration, Washington, D. C., December 2000; and U.S. Department of Energy, 1997.
10 Reuters New Service, ―Fuel Cells and New Energies Come of Age Amid Fuel Crisis,‖ 11 September 2000.
11 National Energy Policy, ―Reliable, Affordable, and Environmentally Sound Energy for America’s Future,‖ Report of the National Energy Policy Development Group, Office of the President, May 2001.
12 Kammen and Margolis, note 2 above.
13 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis/World Energy Council Global Energy Perspectives to 2050 and Beyond (Laxenburg, Austria, and London, 1995).
Mohit Tomar, Vineet Kumar, Narender Sharma “Small-Scale Distributed Energy Generation and Cogeneration In Renewable Energy” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.1 issue 4, pp.74-80 2012
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Pardeep Rana, Sharmila Balhara, Mohit Tomar July 2012
VSC-HVDC can ad- dress not only conventional network issues such as bulk power transmission, asynchronous network interconnection, back-to-back AC system linking and voltage/stability sup- port to mention a few, but also niche markets such as the integration of large scale renewable energy sources with the grid.
- Pardeep Rana
Assistant Professor EE Department
Sat Kabir Institute of Technology And Management, India - Sharmila Balhara
Gitam Kablana, Jhajjar Haryana, India - Mohit Tomar
Gitam Kablana, Jhajjar Haryana, India
References
[1] K.R. Padiyar, “HVDC power transmission system; technology and system interation”, J. Wiley & Sons Inc., ISBN: 0470217065, september1991.
[2] J.Arrillaga, “ High voltage direct current transmission “Institution of Elecrrical Engineers, ISBN: 0852969414, October 1998.
[3] Y.H. and A. T. Johns, “Flaxible AC transmission system (FACTS) “, Institution of electrical Engineers, ISBN: 0852967713, November 1999.
[4] E.Acha, V.G. Agelidis,O. Anaya-Lara and T.J.E. Miller, “Power electronic control in electrical system”, Butterworth-heinemann, ISBN: 07506551261, January 2002.
[5] R.M. Mathur and R.K. Varma, “ Thyrister-Based FACTS controllers for electrical transmission system”, J. wiley & sons Inc ISBN: 0471206431, February 2002.
[6] L.Gyugyi, “Reactive power generation and control by thyrister circuit”,IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, v IA-15,n 5, sep-Oct.1979, p521-532.
Pardeep Rana, Sharmila Balhara, Mohit Tomar “High-Voltage DC Power Transmission System” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.1 issue 4, pp.81-84 2012
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Dr. Ruchira Bhargava July 2012
governmental organization (NGO) is legally constituted organizations created by natural or legal people that operate independently from any form of government. The term originated from the United Nations, and normally refers to organizations that are not a part of a government and are not conventional for-profit businesses. In the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments, the NGO maintains its non-governmental status by excluding government representatives from membership in the organization. The term is usually applied only to organizations that pursue wider social aims that have political aspects, but are not openly political organizations such as political parties. Significant role of NGO’s (Indian) in disaster management can be defined as the range of activities designed to maintain control over disaster and emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping at-risk persons to avoid or recover from the impact of the disaster.
- Dr. Ruchira Bhargava
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nongovernmental_organizationhttps://www.merinews.com/article/government-initiatives-in-disaster-anagement/123326.shtml
[2] https://www.cityriskpedia.com/?title=NGOs_in_Disaster_Management_and_Preparedness
[3] https://viewstonews.com/index.php/role-of-ngos-in-disaster-management-positives-and-negatives/organizations
Dr. Ruchira Bhargava “Significant Role of NGO’s (Indian) in Disaster Management” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.1 issue 4, pp.85-90 2012
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