The growing adoption of Cloud Computing has profoundly transformed the management of IT infrastructures by providing flexible, scalable, and on-demand accessible resources. Among the various cloud computing service models, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) enables organizations to outsource their computing, networking, and storage resources to cloud providers. However, this outsourcing raises significant security concerns, particularly regarding the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of stored data. This paper presents an analytical study of storage security techniques in IaaS environments and examines the main threats that may affect data hosted in the cloud, including unauthorized access, misconfigurations, insider threats, and cyber attacks. Particular attention is given to cryptographic mechanisms used to protect data, including symmetric, asymmetric, and hybrid encryption techniques, as well as client-side and server-side encryption approaches. Based on this analysis, an enhanced secure storage architecture is proposed. This architecture relies on three main techniques: client-side data encryption using AES-256, encryption key protection through RSA, and the use of a Key Management System (KMS). It also incorporates secure communication protocols and enhanced authentication mechanisms. The objective is to ensure effective data protection while preserving the advantages provided by cloud infrastructures. The results of this study highlight the importance of combining robust encryption techniques, secure key management, and appropriate access control mechanisms to strengthen trust in cloud storage solutions. Finally, emerging approaches such as homomorphic encryption and Zero Trust architectures are presented as promising directions for future developments in cloud security.