<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2 20190208//EN"
  "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.2/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
         xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
         article-type="research-article"
         dtd-version="1.2">

  <!-- ============================================================ FRONT -->
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJLTEMAS</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science (IJLTEMAS)</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">IJLTEMAS</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2278-2540</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>IJLTEMAS</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>

    <article-meta>
      <!-- IDs -->
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">244</article-id>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2026.150800050</article-id>
      
      <!-- Categories -->
            <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Network</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      
      <!-- Title -->
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Theoretical Framework for Supply Chain Resilience: Integrating Complexity and Network Theories to Understand Adaptive Capabilities</article-title>
      </title-group>

      <!-- Authors -->
      <contrib-group>
                <contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
            <surname>Kumar Singh</surname>
            <given-names>Vaivaw</given-names>
          </name>
                              <aff>
            Research Scholar, Faculty of Business Management, Sarala Birla University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India                        <country>India</country>
                      </aff>
                    
        </contrib>
                <contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
            <surname>Kunal Sinha</surname>
            <given-names>Dr.</given-names>
          </name>
                              <aff>
            Assistant Professor, Faculty of Commerce, Sarala Birla University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India                        <country>India</country>
                      </aff>
                    
        </contrib>
              </contrib-group>

      <!-- Volume / Issue / Pages -->
            <volume>15</volume>
                  <issue>8</issue>
                        <fpage>700</fpage>
            <lpage>719</lpage>
            
      <!-- Dates -->
      <history>
                <date date-type="received">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
                        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
              </history>

            <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>09</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      
      <!-- DOI Self-URI -->
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2026.150800050"/>
      
      <!-- Keywords -->
            <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
                <kwd>supply chain resilience; complexity theory; network theory; complex adaptive systems; dynamic capabilities; adaptive capabilities; information visibility; organizational learning; disruption; supply chain networks.</kwd>
              </kwd-group>
      
    </article-meta>
  </front>

  <!-- ============================================================ BODY (Abstract) -->
  <body>
        <sec>
      <title>Abstract</title>
      <p>Contemporary supply chains represent interconnected networks with interdependency, structural complexity, uncertainty, and open to disturbances that can be transmitted over organizational and geographical lines. supply-chain resilience has drawn attention in a considerable amount, but still research in the field tends to separate the analysis of structural resilience mechanisms and organizational adaptive capabilities. As a result, a rather small theoretical convergence still exists on the issue of the joint effects of network structure, adaptive capabilities, information visibility, organizational learning, and disruption characteristics producing a resilient performance collectively. This conceptual paper presents a unified setup through cross-disciplinary synthesis of work done in the area of resilience of supply chains, Complexity Theory and Complex Adaptive Systems, Network Theory, and Dynamic Capabilities Theory. Literature synthesis way through the four stages is applied: finding compatible concepts, formulating theoretical mechanisms, identifying overlaps among the concepts, formulating relations between features of the network and the consequences of the resilience.
This concept presents supply chains as complex adaptive networks. Within these networks, such characteristics as centrality, the degree of connectivity, redundancy in structure, modularity, and variety form simultaneously the vulnerability and the variety of the options for response. The ability through information visibility of disturbance and its meaning is a key step, whereas through the utilization of the capacity to adapt it is possible to convert structural resources into collective actions by sensing decoding reacting, re-designing, continuing the process with learning, and sometimes by a complete change if circumstances allow. A set of different attributes of disruptions like magnitude, length of the effect speed breadth, and predictability are all factors that influence the relationship between various occurrences. Resilience is presented as a construct with multiple facets covering the aspects before the incident - resistance, after the incident - response effectiveness and recovery, and finally adaptation and transformation of the supply network. A number of theoretically sound and well-justified propositions are put forward in the paper which can be empirically proven. And, the model features a feedback mechanism through which a disruption, a disruption-induced change, and a new state will lead to a reinforcement of adaptive capacities.
The study offers two contributions: Firstly, it brings structural and functional causes of supply chain resilience into the dynamic model. Secondly, it develops an operational model that offers a way to look at resilience from multiple perspectives and a method of combining structural and functional resilience. Future research is encouraged that will empirically support the relationships through structural equation modeling, longitudinal work, agent-based modeling, and simulation of disruption scenarios when talking about different industries, network configurations, and disruption types.</p>
    </sec>
      </body>

  <!-- ============================================================ BACK (References) -->
    <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
            <ref id="ref1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>Ambulkar, S., Blackhurst, J., &amp; Grawe, S. (2015). Firm’s resilience to supply chain disruptions: Scale development and empirical examination. Journal of Operations Management, 33–34, 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2014.11.002</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>Blackhurst, J., Dunn, K. S., &amp; Craighead, C. W. (2011). An empirically derived framework of global supply resiliency. Journal of Business Logistics, 32(4), 374–391. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0000-0000.2011.01032.x</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>Bode, C., &amp; Wagner, S. M. (2015). Structural drivers of upstream supply chain complexity and the frequency of supply chain disruptions. Journal of Operations Management, 36, 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2014.12.004</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>Borgatti, S. P., &amp; Li, X. (2009). On social network analysis in a supply chain context. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 45(2), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-493X.2009.03166.x</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>Brandon-Jones, E., Squire, B., Autry, C. W., &amp; Petersen, K. J. (2014). A contingent resource-based perspective of supply chain resilience and robustness. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 50(3), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12050</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>Chowdhury, M. M. H., &amp; Quaddus, M. (2017). Supply chain resilience: Conceptualization and scale development using dynamic capability theory. International Journal of Production Economics, 188, 185–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2017.03.020</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>Christopher, M., &amp; Peck, H. (2004). Building the resilient supply chain. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 15(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090410700275</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>Craighead, C. W., Blackhurst, J., Rungtusanatham, M. J., &amp; Handfield, R. B. (2007). The severity of supply chain disruptions: Design characteristics and mitigation capabilities. Decision Sciences, 38(1), 131–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2007.00151.x</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>Hosseini, S., Ivanov, D., &amp; Dolgui, A. (2019). Review of quantitative methods for supply chain resilience analysis. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 125, 285–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2019.03.001</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>Jaakkola, E. (2020). Designing conceptual articles: Four approaches. AMS Review, 10, 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-020-00161-0</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>Jia, F., Hu, S., &amp; Chen, L. (2025). Does supply chain visibility improve firm resilience: An organizational information processing theory perspective. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 204, 104428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2025.104428</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>Joghee, M. V., G., K., Jayamala, C., Lavaraju, B., Manimalathi, P., &amp; Singh, V. K. (2025). Environmental sustainability and economic performance: Evaluating the financial impact on the Indian economy. Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa, 29(1), 409–418. https://papaslatinas.org/</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>Jüttner, U., &amp; Maklan, S. (2011). Supply chain resilience in the global financial crisis: An empirical study. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 16(4), 246–259. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598541111139062</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation>Kamalahmadi, M., &amp; Parast, M. M. (2016). A review of the literature on the principles of enterprise and supply chain resilience: Major findings and directions for future research. International Journal of Production Economics, 171, 116–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.10.023</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation>Kim, Y., Chen, Y.-S., &amp; Linderman, K. (2015). Supply network disruption and resilience: A network structural perspective. Journal of Operations Management, 33–34, 43–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2014.10.006</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation>Mubarik, M. S., Naghavi, N., Mubarik, M., Kusi-Sarpong, S., Khan, S. A., Zaman, S. I., &amp; Kazmi, S. H. A. (2021). Resilience and cleaner production in Industry 4.0: Role of supply chain mapping and visibility. Journal of Cleaner Production, 292, 126058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126058</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation>Mukherjee, S., Ahmed Salman, S., Sukdeo, N. I., Singh, V. K., &amp; Rao Chowdary, V. G. (2026). Climate awareness and behaviour of Gen Z travellers: Pathways to achieving Sustainable Development Goals in hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/20565607.2026.2663903</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation>Pettit, T. J., Fiksel, J., &amp; Croxton, K. L. (2010). Ensuring supply chain resilience: Development of a conceptual framework. Journal of Business Logistics, 31(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2158-1592.2010.tb00125.x</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation>Ponomarov, S. Y., &amp; Holcomb, M. C. (2009). Understanding the concept of supply chain resilience. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 20(1), 124–143. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090910954873</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation>Pu, G. (2023). Antecedents and outcomes of supply chain resilience: Integrating dynamic capabilities and relational perspective. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12473</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation>Roy, R., Das, T., Pal, D., Rao Chowdary, V. G., Singh, V. K., Mukherjee, S., &amp; Babakerkhell, M. D. (2026). Understanding metaverse use in educational settings: Evidence from students and teachers. Cogent Education, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2026.2689762</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation>Sheffi, Y., &amp; Rice, J. B., Jr. (2005). A supply chain view of the resilient enterprise. MIT Sloan Management Review, 47(1), 41–48.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref23">
        <label>23</label>
        <mixed-citation>Singh, V. K., et al. (2025). Impact of AI-driven risk-based pricing on loan approval efficiency in rural non-banking financial services. Advances in Consumer Research, 2(4), 3374–3380. https://acr-journal.com/</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref24">
        <label>24</label>
        <mixed-citation>Singh, V. K., et al. (2026). The effectiveness of technology adoption among the customers of Cholamandalam Investment &amp; Finance Company Limited in Jharkhand: An empirical assessment. Canadian Journal of Marketing Research, 16(3), 222–242. https://doi.org/10.61336/r4twgh10</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref25">
        <label>25</label>
        <mixed-citation>Singh, V., Alkhwaldi, A., Abu-Alsondos, I., Salameh, A., Panigrahi, R., &amp; Mukherjee, S. (2026). Modelling the effectiveness of technology adoption in NBFCs for the achievement of digital transformation: A structural equation modelling approach. Scientific Culture, 12(1), 147–164. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11425120</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref26">
        <label>26</label>
        <mixed-citation>Singh, V. K., Shaikh, Z. H., Sinha, K., Panigrahi, R. R., Mukherjee, S., &amp; Chowdary, V. G. R. (2026). From technological revolution to digital transformation in non-banking financial companies: A future research direction. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 12, 100712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2025.100712</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref27">
        <label>27</label>
        <mixed-citation>Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref28">
        <label>28</label>
        <mixed-citation>Stadtfeld, G. M., &amp; Gruchmann, T. (2024). Dynamic capabilities for supply chain resilience: A meta-review. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 35(2), 623–648. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-09-2022-0373</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref29">
        <label>29</label>
        <mixed-citation>Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., &amp; Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7%3C509::AID-SMJ882%3E3.0.CO;2-Z</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref30">
        <label>30</label>
        <mixed-citation>Torraco, R. J. (2005). Writing integrative literature reviews: Guidelines and examples. Human Resource Development Review, 4(3), 356–367. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484305278283</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref31">
        <label>31</label>
        <mixed-citation>Torraco, R. J. (2016). Writing integrative literature reviews: Using the past and present to explore the future. Human Resource Development Review, 15(4), 404–428. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484316671606</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref32">
        <label>32</label>
        <mixed-citation>Toshi, K., Verma, A., Chauhan, S. K., &amp; Singh, V. K. (2026). Healthcare ecosystem innovation in emerging smart cities: Co-opetition and public-private partnerships in Ranchi District. Minnesota Journal of Business Law and Entrepreneurship, 3, 1102–1135. https://kommerstad.org/journal/article/view/699</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref33">
        <label>33</label>
        <mixed-citation>Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., &amp; Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref34">
        <label>34</label>
        <mixed-citation>Tripathy, S., Singh, V. K., Rejeb, A., et al. (2026). Meta-analytic study of human-AI co-decision systems and workforce intelligence in enhancing sustainability performance in circular supply chains. Discover Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-04157-x</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref35">
        <label>35</label>
        <mixed-citation>Tukamuhabwa, B. R., Stevenson, M., Busby, J., &amp; Zorzini, M. (2015). Supply chain resilience: Definition, review and theoretical foundations for further study. International Journal of Production Research, 53(18), 5592–5623. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2015.1037934</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref36">
        <label>36</label>
        <mixed-citation>Wang, Y., Yan, F., Jia, F., &amp; Chen, L. (2023). Building supply chain resilience through ambidexterity: An information processing perspective. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 26(2), 172–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2021.1944070</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
            <ref id="ref37">
        <label>37</label>
        <mixed-citation>Wieland, A., &amp; Durach, C. F. (2021). Two perspectives on supply chain resilience. Journal of Business Logistics, 42(3), 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12271</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
          </ref-list>
  </back>
  
</article>
