IJLTEMAS International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science (IJLTEMAS) IJLTEMAS 2278-2540 IJLTEMAS 562 10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2026.151000043 Occupational Health Nursing, Nursing Leadership and Management Missed Nursing Care and Job Satisfaction among Filipino Remote Area Nurses in Onshore and Offshore Oil and Gas Field Settings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Jon-Jon T. Martinez Dr. Taif University, Al Mutamarat Rd, Al Mathnah, At Taif, 26521, Saudi Arabia Philippines Jaypee R. Galido Ian University of Perpetual Help System – DALTA, Alabang–Zapote Rd, Las Piñas, 1740 Metro Manila, Philippines Philippines 15 10 499 541 21 10 2026 26 10 2026 03 11 2026 missed nursing care job satisfaction Filipino nurses remote area nursing onshore and offshore nursing Saudi Arabia Abstract

This study examined the relationship between missed nursing care and job satisfaction among Filipino remote area nurses working in selected onshore and offshore oil and gas field settings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Specifically, it assessed demographic and professional characteristics, extent and perceived reasons for missed nursing care, level of job satisfaction, significant group differences, relationships between variables, and predictors of job satisfaction. A quantitative descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional design was employed among 120 Filipino registered nurses selected through purposive and referral-based sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed a moderate extent of missed nursing care (M = 2.64, SD = 0.59), particularly in documentation and communication, patient education and health promotion, and referral coordination. Perceived reasons for missed care were rated as moderate (M = 3.64, SD = 0.58), primarily involving workload, staffing adequacy, and logistical limitations. Respondents reported moderate job satisfaction (M = 3.39, SD = 0.61), with higher satisfaction in professional autonomy and nature of work and lower satisfaction in workload, scheduling, and compensation. Significant differences were observed according to remote nursing experience, work assignment, work setting, shift pattern, and weekly working hours. Missed nursing care was significantly negatively correlated with job satisfaction (r = −0.47, p < .001). In the multivariable model, missed nursing care showed the largest standardized negative association with job satisfaction, while remote nursing experience, offshore exposure, work arrangements, and weekly working hours were also statistically associated with satisfaction; these cross-sectional results do not establish cause and effect. The findings indicate that missed nursing care and job satisfaction were associated in this sample and that several remote-work characteristics were correlated with job satisfaction; no directional or causal effects can be inferred. A Workforce Support Plan focusing on staffing, workload management, scheduling, fatigue prevention, remote clinical support, and professional development was developed to strengthen nursing practice and workforce well-being.

 References Abou Hashish, E. A., & Alnajjar, H. A. (2025). Brain drain and retention strategies: Lived experience of expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia—Challenges and implications. Journal of Nursing Management, 2025, Article 9947313. https://doi.org/10.1155/jonm/9947313 Adams, M. E., Lazarsfeld-Jensen, A., & Francis, K. (2019). The implications of isolation for remote industrial health workers. Rural and Remote Health, 19(2), Article 5001. https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH5001 Ahmad, N. F. D., Jye, A. K. R., Zulkifli, Z., & Bujang, M. A. (2020). The development and validation of job satisfaction questionnaire for health workforce. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 27(6), 128–143. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2020.27.6.12 Alanmi, B., Alharazi, R., & Almutary, H. (2026). Night shifts and occupational fatigue among nurses who work 12-hour-shifts in Jeddah. Healthcare, 14(20), Article 3371. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14203371 Algin, A., Yeşilbaş, H., & Kantek, F. (2024). The relationship between missed nursing care and nurse job satisfaction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 46(12), 980–988. https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459241292038 Almutairi, R. R., Almutairi, W. A., Alshaibany, F. F., Alshehri, W. M., Almutairi, A. S., Eid, T., Almutairi, A. A., Alyahya, N. M., Alharbi, B. S., & Alodhailah, A. M. (2026). Resilience as an indirect pathway linking perceived skill development and institutional support with job satisfaction and burnout among nurses in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE, 21(10), Article e0345356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345356 Al-Sawad, A. A., Dardas, H. A., Al-Shawaf, L. H., Shammari, M. A., Emshamea, R. S., Al-Barbari, E. A., & Al-Hariri, M. (2026). Links between staffing and resource inadequacy and missed nursing care in an academic medical center (Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia): A cross-sectional study. Nursing Reports, 16(2), Article 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16020069 Al-Sawad, A. A., Maghrabi, G. H., Abdulfattah, D. O., Al-Ghazal, M. R., Al-Enizi, N. H., Al Marhoon, O. A., Al-Barqi, A. M., Garni, A. A., Albarbari, E. A., & Al-Hariri, M. T. (2026). The impact of a 12-hour shift pattern on nurses’ burnout, sickness absenteeism, and fatigue: A single-group pre–post evaluation in a Saudi tertiary-care hospital. BMC Nursing. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05415-z Alshammari, B., Alsaleh, G. S., Alrasheeday, A., Baghdadi, N., Almalki, N., Alshammari, F., Assiry, A., & Almalki, M. (2025). Association between missed nursing care and nurse fatigue: A cross-sectional correlational study. Nursing Reports, 15(8), Article 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15080298 Alshammari, B., Alshammari, M. M., & Baghdadi, N. A. (2025). The association between missed nursing care and job satisfaction among nurses in Saudi Arabian hospitals: A cross-sectional study. Nursing Reports, 15(8), Article 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15080296 Breno, F., Marchetti, D., Cattani, D., Cosmai, S., Mancin, S., Lopane, D., & Mazzoleni, B. (2025). Contributing factors to missed nursing care: A systematic review with clinical implications for practice and patient safety. Applied Nursing Research, 85, Article 152002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2025.152002 Cheon, H., Jeong, S. H., Kim, H. K., & Chang, H. E. (2025). Effects of presenteeism on turnover intention in clinical nurses through the serial mediating roles of missed nursing care and job satisfaction: A cross-sectional predictive correlational study. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 55(4), 584–597. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.25015 Davies, J., & Yarrow, E. (2025). A narrative review of nursing in Saudi Arabia: Prospects for improving social determinants of health for the female workforce. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, Article 1569440. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1569440 Fox, J. L., Gurney, T., Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, S., Pols, T. A. H., Tuffaha, H., Pak, A., & McGrail, M. (2023). A narrative review of health status and healthcare delivery in the oil and gas industry: Impacts on employees, employers, and local communities. Healthcare, 11(21), Article 2888. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11212888 Gagnier, J. J., de Arruda, G. T., Terwee, C. B., & Mokkink, L. B. (2025). COSMIN reporting guideline for studies on measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures: Version 2.0. Quality of Life Research, 34(7), 1901–1911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-025-03950-x Gong, F., Mei, Y., Wu, M., & Tang, C. (2025). Global reasons for missed nursing care: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Nursing Review, 72(1), Article e13096. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.13096 Hellfritz, M. S., Waschkau, A., & Steinhäuser, J. (2023). Experiences with the quality of telemedical care in an offshore setting: A qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 23, Article 661. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09664-5 Iddrisu, M., Sisala, I. M., Ibrahim, M. M., & Wuni, A. (2026). Predictive analysis of the relationship between nurses’ attitudes toward patient safety and missed nursing care. BMC Nursing, 25, Article 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-04224-0 Kalisch, B. J. (2009). Missed nursing care: Errors of omission. Nursing Outlook, 57(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2008.05.007 Kalisch, B. J., & Williams, R. A. (2009). Development and psychometric testing of a tool to measure missed nursing care. Journal of Nursing Administration, 39(5), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNA.0b013e3181a23cf5 Kattan, W., & Al-Hanawi, M. K. (2025). Inequalities in the distribution of the nursing workforce in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A regional analysis. Human Resources for Health, 23, Article 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-025-01010-6 Labrague, L. J., & Kostovich, C. T. (2024). A global overview of missed nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 46(2), 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459231214598 Lucas, P., Jesus, É., Almeida, S., Costa, P., Cruchinho, P., Teixeira, G., & Araújo, B. (2025). The nursing practice environment and job satisfaction, intention to leave, and burnout among primary healthcare nurses: A cross-sectional study. Nursing Reports, 15(7), Article 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15070224 Mokkink, L. B., Elsman, E. B. M., & Terwee, C. B. (2024). COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures version 2.0. Quality of Life Research, 33(11), 2929–2939. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-024-03761-6 Mokkink, L. B., Herbelet, S., Tuinman, P. R., & Terwee, C. B. (2025). Content validity: Judging the relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of an outcome measurement instrument—A COSMIN perspective. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 185, Article 111879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.111879 Paquay, M., Bellaccomo, G., Dauvergne, J. E., & Bruyneel, A. (2026). The work behind the work: Logistical–administrative workload, health technology satisfaction and missed nursing care among Belgian hospital nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 2026, Article 4981208. https://doi.org/10.1155/jonm/4981208 Saleh, Z. T., Al-Za’areer, M. S., Elshatarat, R. A., Alasmari, A. A., Almagharbeh, W. T., Alshameri, F. A., Zaiton, H., Allugmani, A. R., Aljuhani, B. H., Aloufi, R. S., Al-Sayaghi, K. M., Alsulami, G. S., Amoush, A. H., & Ismail, M. S. (2026). Job satisfaction among Saudi and non-Saudi critical care and emergency nurses: Associations with psychological distress, turnover intention, and perceived retention strategies. BMC Nursing, 25, Article 861. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05349-6 Sarpong, A. A., Gent, L., Towell-Barnard, A., & Arabiat, D. (2026). Missed care prevalence and associated factors in acute care settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 32(1), Article e70097. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.70097 Setia, M. S. (2016). Methodology series module 3: Cross-sectional studies. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 61(3), 261–264. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.182410 Stefana, A., Damiani, S., Granziol, U., Provenzani, U., Solmi, M., Youngstrom, E. A., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2025). Psychological, psychiatric, and behavioral sciences measurement scales: Best practice guidelines for their development and validation. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 1494261. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1494261 Wang, X., & Cheng, Z. (2020). Cross-sectional studies: Strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations. Chest, 158(1 Suppl.), S65–S71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.012 World Health Organization. (2025a, July 17). Nursing and midwifery. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/nursing-and-midwifery World Health Organization. (2025b). State of the world's nursing 2025: Investing in education, jobs, leadership and service delivery. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240110236