The aim of the study was to extend the shelf life of raw milk in transit by use of lysozyme and lactoferrin. The effects of temperature, lysozyme concentration and lactoferrin concentration on milk in transit were evaluated by measuring pH, titratable acidity and methylene blue reduction time for eight hours. From the screening tests the Pareto plots indicated lysozyme concentration and lactoferrin concentration as factors of high influence. Further experiments were carried out focusing on the two factors to determine the optimum concentrations of lysozyme and lactoferrin to maintain a constant pH and titratable acidity for 8hours. A 3D Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to graphically map and optimise conditions. Optimum conditions were found to be 0.5g/l and 4g/l of lactoferrin and lysozyme and lactoferrin respectively, to maintain pH at 6.7 – 6.9, titratable acidity at 0.12 and methylene blue reduction time at 10.25 hours.615minutes.
- Cathrine L. Watama Department of Food Processing Technology, School of Industrial Sciences and Technology Harare Institute of Technology, Zimbabwe
- Wishmore Gwala Department of Food Processing Technology, School of Industrial Sciences and Technology Harare Institute of Technology, Zimbabwe
- Felix M. Mujuru Department of Food Processing Technology, School of Industrial Sciences and Technology Harare Institute of Technology, Zimbabwe
- Raphael Kwiri Department of Food Processing Technology, School of Industrial Sciences and Technology Harare Institute of Technology, Zimbabwe
References
[1]. Dumitrascu, L., Stanciuc, A., Stanciu, S. & Rapeanu, G., (2012). Thermal inactivation oflactoperoxidase in goat, sheep and bovine milk–A comparative kinetic and thermodynamic study. Journal of food engineering, 113(1), pp. 47-52 [2]. Krol, J., Litwin'czuk, Z., Brodziak, A. & Barlowska, J., (2010). Lactoferrin, lysozyme and immunoglobulin G content in milk of four breeds of cows managed under intensive production system.. Poland Journal Veterinary Science, 13(2), pp. 357-361. [3]. Ragland, S. A. & Criss, A. K., (2017). From bacterial killing to immune modulation: Recent insights into the functions of lysozyme. PLoS pathogens, 13(9). [4]. Rokhsana, F., Das, U., Yeasmin, R., Nahar, A., and Parveen S. (2008). Studies on the Preservation of Raw Cow's Milk by Chemical Method. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Volume 42(3), pp. 317-326 [5]. Al-Majali, A. M., Ismail, Z. B., Al-Hami, Y. & Nour, A. Y., (2007). Lactoferrin concentration in milk from camels (Camelus dromedarius) with and without subclinical mastitis. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 5(3), p. 120. [6]. White, D. G., Zhao, S., Simjee, S., Wagner, D.D., McDermott, P.F.(2002). Antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens. Microbes and infection, 4(4), pp. 405-412. [7]. Geciova, J., Bury, D. & Jelen, P., (2002). Methods for disruption of microbial cells for potential use in the dairy industry—a review. International Dairy Journal, 12(6), pp. 541-553. [8]. Valenti, P. & Antonini, G., (2006). Lactoferrin. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 62(22),p. 2576. [9]. AOAC, (1995). Methods Of Analysis of AOAC International. 16th ed. Washington, DC: Association Of Analytical Chemistry. [10]. AOAC, (2000). Methods Of Analysis Of AOAC International. 17th ed. Gaithersburg: Association Of Analytical Communities. [11]. Lu, M., Shiau, Y., Wong, J., Lin, R., Kravis, H., Blackmon, T., Pakzad, T., Jen. T., Cheng, A., Cheng, J., Ong, E., Sarfaraz, N. and Wang, S.N. (2013). Milk spoilage: methods and practices of detecting milk quality. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 4(7), p. 113. [12]. Boor, K. J., Brown, D.P., Murphy, S.C., Kozlowski, S.M., and Bandler, D.K.(1998). Microbiological and chemical quality of raw milk in New York State. Journal of Dairy Science, 81(6), pp. 1743-1748. [13]. Bostwick, E. F., Steijns, J. & Braun, S., (2000). Lactoglobulins. In: Natural food antimicrobial systems. s.l.:CRC Press, pp. 146-171. [14]. Yassin, M. H., Soliman, M. M., Mostafa, S. A. E. & Ali, H. A. M., (2015). Antimicrobial effects of camel milk against some bacterial pathogens. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 3(3), pp. 162-168. [15]. Petruzzi, L., Corbo, M. R., Sinigaglia, M. & Bevilacqua, A., (2017). Microbial spoilage of foods: Fundamentals.. In: The Microbiological Quality of Food. s.l.:Woodhead Publishing, pp. 1-21. [16]. Proctor, V. A., Cunningham, F. E. & Fung, D. Y., (1988). The chemistry of lysozyme and its use as a food preservative and a pharmaceutical. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition, 26(4), pp. 359-395. [17]. Van Landschoot, A. & Villa, A., (2007). Cerevisia. Antimicrobial properties of hen egg white lysozyme against beer spoilage bacteria and effect of lysozyme on yeast fermentation, 32(4), p. 219. [18]. Darveau, R. P., Tanner, A. & Page, R. C., (2000). The Microbial challenge in periodontitis. Periodontology, 14(1), pp. 12-13. [19]. Salazar, O. & Asenjo, J. A., (2007). Enzymatic lysis of microbial cells. Biotechnology letters, 29(7), pp. 985-994. [20]. Walstra, P., (1999). Dairy technology: principles of milk properties and processes. s.l.:CRC Press. [21]. Frank, J. F., (2007). Milk and dairy products. In: Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers. s.l.:American Society of Microbiology, pp. 141-155. [22]. Corbo, M. R., Bevilacqua, A., Campaniello, D., D`Amato, D., Speranza, B., andSinigaglia, M.(2009). Prolonging microbial shelf life of foods through the use of natural compounds and non‐thermal approaches–a review. International journal of food science & technology, 44(2), pp. 223-241. [23]. Naidu, A. S., (2000). Natural food antimicrobial systems. s.l.:CRC Press. [24]. Massami Inay, O., da Silva, S., Honjoya, A., Renato, E., Hiroshi, H.H., de Souza, B., Hoch, C., Santana, W., Helena, E., Marela, R.C., Alegro, A., ans Casele, L. (2012). Action of lactoferrin on the multipication of Lactobacillus casei in vitro and in Minas fresh cheese. Semin: Ciencias Agrarias, 33(2). [25]. Ibrahim, H. R., Higashiguchi, S., Juneja, L.R., Kim, M., and /yamamoto, T. (1996). A structural phase of heat-denatured lysozyme with novel antimicrobial action. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44(6), pp. 1416-1423. [26]. Hobbs, B. C., (1939). The part played by bacteria in the reduction of methylene blue in milk. Journal of Dairy Research, 10(1), pp. 35-58. - Published by Cambridge University Press (2009).
Cathrine L. Watama, Wishmore Gwala, Felix M. Mujuru and Raphael Kwiri, "Extension of Shelf Life of Raw Milk in Transit by Use of Lactoferrin and Lysozyme" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.11 issue 3, March 2022, pp.01-06 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2022.11301
Organizations are increasingly appreciating the importance of performance appraisal as a veritable tool for promoting employee growth and development, as well as enhancing productivity. To achieve this, organizations require a comprehensive and routine workforce performance appraisal, to enable it position the right skilled manpower for productivity attainment, improvement and sustainability. Descriptive research design was adopted for this study, where primary and secondary data garnered from 500 level results from five consecutive academic sessions, were used to assess teaching performance and service delivery of lecturers, within the department of a University, South East Nigeria. Results showed the student scores of 50 marks and above in 500 level courses, were used to deduce the overall performances of lecturers (79.76, 53.37, 61.16, 73.33, 59.13, 72.73, 66.12, 79.60, 83.49, 76.85, 87.50, 71.96, 84.00, 88.91, 75.86, 76.48, 72.41, 80.90, 71.93) based on course participation and students’ percentage performances in taught courses.
- Page(s): 07-13
- Date of Publication: 29 March 2022
- Ezeanyim Okechukwu Chiedu Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025 Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Okeagu Fredrick Nnaemeka Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025 Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Igwegbe Arinze Christian Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025 Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
References
[1] Appelbaum, H., Roy, and Gilliland, T. (2011) “Globalization of performance appraisals: theory and applications”, Management Decision, 49(4), pp.570-585.
[2] Aguinis, H. (2009). An expanded view of performance management. In J.W. Smither & M. London (Eds.), Performance management: Putting research into action (pp. 41-44). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
[3] Attorney, A. (2007) Performance Appraisal Handbook. New York: Nolo Publishers.
[4] Bell, M. J. (2013). Define academic performance. Retrieved 17April, 2013 from:http://www.ehow.com/about_4740750_define-academic-performance.html.
[5] Chen, J. and Eldridge, D. (2012) “Are standardized performance appraisal practices really preferred¬? A case study in China”, Chinese Management Studies, 4(3), pp.244-257.
[6] Danielson, C., & McGreal, T. (2000). Teacher evaluation to enhance professional practice. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
[7] Fındıkçı İ (2002). Human Resources Management. Alfa Publishing, İstanbul.
[8] Karol (1996). The Perception of the Employees toward the Outcomes and Detriments of Performance Appraisal System, Business & Economics Research Journal, 1996, Vol. 2 Issue 3, pp 87-108
[9] MacNeil, A. & McClanahan, A. (2005). Shared leadership. Retrieved 14May, 2013from:http://conx.org/content/m12923/latest/
[10] Maley, J. (2013) “Hybrid purposes of performance appraisal in a crisis”, Journal of Management Development, 30(10), pp.1093-1112.
[11] Taal, A. H. S. (1996). Teacher education and training in Sub-Saharan Africa:Teacher education in Africa, past, present and future. Dakar: UNESCO.
[12] Yusuf, A. F. (2012). Influence of principals’ leadership styles on students’ academic achievement in secondary schools. Journal of Innovative Research in Management and Humanities, 3(1), 113 - 121.
Ezeanyim Okechukwu Chiedu, Okeagu Fredrick Nnaemeka and Igwegbe Arinze Christian, "Input - Output System Approach to Teacher – Student Performance Relationship for a Department in an Educational Institution" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.11 issue 3, March 2022, pp.07-13 URL: https://ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.11Issue3/07-13.pdf
Automation is the future for organizational processes. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is the solution for software automation in various domains like Supply chain Finance, IT and accounting, and so on. In this paper we propose RPA solution for education domain. This paper shows the automation process for result analysis of student’s examination results. The automation process takes the university result in pdf form as the input. We performed automation on this input file using Automation anywhere tool. Our result shows that all the work is error free. Also, time required for this analysis is around 94.44% less as compared to manual analysis by human.
- Page(s): 14-18
- Date of Publication: 30 March 2022
- Dr. Prakash K R Professor, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru, India
- Nidish S M.Tech in Industrial Automation & Robotics, NIE Mysuru, India
References
[1] M. Ratia, J. Myllärniemi, N. Helander, “Robotic Process Automation - Creating Value by Digitalizing Work in the Private Healthcare?”,Mindtrek '18Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Mindtrek Conference,2018, Pages 222-227.Adrian-Mihai ZAHARIA-RĂDULESCU, Cătalin Liviu PRICOP, Darko SHULESKI, Anton Cristian IOAN, “RPA AND THE FUTURE OF WORKFORCE”, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11th INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE “The Role of Management in the Economic Paradigm of the XXIst Century” November 2nd-4th, 2017, BUCHAREST, ROMANIA, Pages 384-392.
[2] Kirchmer, Mathias. (2017). Robotic Process Automation – Pragmatic Solution or Dangerous Illusion ?. BTOES Insights (Business Transformation and Operational Excellence Summit Insights).
[3] Embracing robotic automation during the evolution of finance, Report by The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, September 2018.
[4] Craig Le Clair, “The Forrester Wave™: Robotic Process Automation, Q1 2017 The 12 Providers That Matter Most And How They Stack Up”, Forrester Report.
[5] Ruchi Issac, Riya Muni, Kenali Desai, “Delineated Analysis of Robotic Process Automation Tools”, 2018 Second International Conference on Advances in Electronics, Computer and Communications (ICAECC-2018), IEEE, 9-10 Feb 2018
[6] Santiago Aguirre, Alejandro Rodriguez, “Automation of a Business Process Using Robotic Process Automation (RPA): A Case Study” , In: Figueroa-García J., López-Santana E., Villa-Ramírez J., Ferro-Escobar
[7] R. (eds) Applied Computer Sciences in Engineering. WEA 2017. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 742. Springer, Cham
[8] Audrey Bourgouin, Abderrahmane Leshob, and Laurent Renard, “Towards a Process Analysis Approach to Adopt Robotic Process Automation”, 2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on e-Business Engineering (ICEBE), Pages 46-53.
[9] Dr. John Hindle, Dr. Mary Lacity, Dr. Leslie Willcocks, Dr. Shaji Khan, “ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION: Benchmarking the Client Experience” , Robotic Process Automation ,Executive Research Report, http://www.knowledgecapitalpartners.com/.
[10] Ssu Chieh Lin / Lian Hua Shih / Damon Yang / James Lin / Ji Fu Kung, “Apply RPA (Robotic Process Automation) in Semiconductor Smart Manufacturing”, e-Manufacturing & Design Collaboration Symposium 2018.
[11] Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Martin Bichler, Armin Heinzl, “Robotic Process Automation”, Bus Info Syst Engg, 2018, volume 60 issue -4, pp 269-272, Springer.
[12] Robotic process automation- White paper, 3 Dec 2015, EY.
[13] https://www.automationanywhere.com
[14] https://www.uipath.com/
Dr. Prakash K R, Nidish S, "Implementation of Robotic Process Automation Rpa in Education domain" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.11 issue 3, March 2022, pp.14-18 URL: https://ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.11Issue3/14-18.pdf
A comprehension of the variables that assist with the actualization of good adhesion is of vast scientific and technological significance in order to gain control over the phenomenon of adhesion. To improve protection, operators should commence with the critical analysis of the materials to be deployed and their suitability for the site/field specific conditions. Till date, there are relatively few reported studies relating to coating functional chemistry, mechanical properties and performance. This paper thus evaluated in-depth, the different types of coating materials with respect to their suitability for subsea operations and identified the best practices to expand the life of coatings, and coated structures. The assessment of the economic and technical problems of coating materials, their application, and their service behavior for subsea/deepwater operations have been conducted using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). From the TOPSIS analysis, the best coating material considering the several criteria including: durability, resistance to stress, strength, adhesion, ductility, compatibility with cathodic protection and cost is Organic Coating which scored 0.653 followed by Nickel Alloy, with a value of 0.623 and the third best is Non-Ferrous Alloys.
- Franklin Okoro Cleanscript Group
- Precious Chisom Jumbo-Egwurugwu Cleanscript Group
References
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Franklin Okoro; Precious Chisom Jumbo-Egwurugwu, "Assessment of Suitability of Coating Systems for Subsea Systems" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.11 issue 3, March 2022, pp.19-28 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2022.11302
The construction industry is all important and unavoidable to the economic development of most nations in the world, stakeholders as an individual or a group of individuals who are influenced by or able to influence a project. Project cost management is a method that uses technology to measure cost and productivity through the full life-cycle of enterprise level projects. In Nigeria construction industry, the impact of stakeholders on the success of project cost management is not well understood in creating greater awareness of the value that stakeholders provide for projects. The result of this is lack of proper build team with the right skills of project cost management leading to failure of projects. This study assesses the impact of stakeholders on the success of project cost management. A quantitative approach was adopted for this study with a well-structured questionnaire. The tools employed for data analysis were mean item score and relative importance index. The study finds out that strong relationship of stakeholders is necessary for project cost management success, since a project can be considered a temporary organization of stakeholders pursuing an aim together. It was therefore recommended that there should be an effective awareness of stakeholders on the success of project cost management.
- Page(s): 29-37
- Date of Publication: 31 March 2022
- Okeagu Fredrick Nnaemeka Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria
- Akintona Ezekiel Oluwadamilare Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria
- Nnamani Blessing Department of Quantity Surveying, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
References
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Okeagu Fredrick Nnaemeka, Akintona Ezekiel Oluwadamilare, Nnamani Blessing, "Impact of Stakeholders on the Success of Project Cost Management in Construction Industry" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.11 issue 3, March 2022, pp.29-37 URL: https://ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.11Issue3/29-37.pdf
The construction industry is all important and unavoidable to the economic development of most nations in the world, stakeholders as an individual or a group of individuals who are influenced by or able to influence a project. Project cost management is a method that uses technology to measure cost and productivity through the full life-cycle of enterprise level projects. In Nigeria construction industry, the impact of stakeholders on the success of project cost management is not well understood in creating greater awareness of the value that stakeholders provide for projects. The result of this is lack of proper build team with the right skills of project cost management leading to failure of projects. This study assesses the impact of stakeholders on the success of project cost management. A quantitative approach was adopted for this study with a well-structured questionnaire. The tools employed for data analysis were mean item score and relative importance index. The study finds out that strong relationship of stakeholders is necessary for project cost management success, since a project can be considered a temporary organization of stakeholders pursuing an aim together. It was therefore recommended that there should be an effective awareness of stakeholders on the success of project cost management.
- Page(s): 38-43
- Date of Publication: 31 March 2022
- Ifeanyichukwu, Egba (PhD) Department of Computer Science, School of Foundation Studies, Rivers State College of Health Science and Management Technology, Oro-Owo Rumueme, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Oludi Alero Yvonne Department of Computer Science, School of Foundation Studies, Rivers State College of Health Science and Management Technology, Oro-Owo Rumueme, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Gordon Amadi School of Engineering and Biomedical Technology, Rivers State College of Health Science and Management Technology, Oro-OwoRumueme, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Ifeanyichukwu, Egba (PhD), Oludi Alero Yvonne and Gordon Amadi, "Impact of ICT on Inventory Control and Management: A Case Study of Healthcare Institutions in Port Harcourt Metropolis" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.11 issue 3, March 2022, pp.38-43 URL: https://ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.11Issue3/38-43.pdf
The present study was executed at Behaira Governorate, Egypt during two consecutive seasons 2019 and 2020 on Crimson Seedless grape which is still ranking well among favorable cultivars in Egypt thus it’s worthy to raise its quality; definitely the coloration. For this purpose, ethephon and ethanol at various combinations were sprayed on clusters at two stages; pre veraison (a week earlier) and at veraison to determine the optimum treatment. Results show that the pre veraison sprays did not affect coloration or even enhanced berries physical or chemical characteristics so it was ignored later. As for veraison stage sprays, the physical characteristics except for berry firmness did not influenced by different treatments; however, the high concentrations reduced berries adherence force (AF). Regarding chemical characteristics, soluble solids content (SSC) and anthocyanin content were significantly affected by the treatments. The best results of the study characteristics such as; SSC, SSC/acid ratio, firmness and anthocyanin content were gained from combining ethephon and ethanol sprays at veraison stage. Whereas, treatments that contains either solely ethephon or ethanol, as well the highest concentrations combination (500 ppm ethephon +400 ml L-1 ethanol), have recorded lower values for almost studied characteristics. At the end, presence of ethanol at a moderate dose of 200 ml L-1 in the formula boost 250 ppm of ethephon role in enhancing berries physical and chemical characteristics especially coloration.
- Page(s): 44-49
- Date of Publication: 17 April 2022
- El Shaima M. El Botaty Viticulture Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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El Shaima M. El Botaty, "Improving Crimson Seedless grape quality" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.11 issue 3, March 2022, pp.44-49 URL: https://ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.11Issue3/44-49.pdf