Experimental Study of Different Parameters Affecting Biogas Production from Kitchen Wastes in
Floating Drum Digester and its Optimization
Abstract: Recent challenges for fossil fuels, concerns over the environment issues and rising costs for energy demand encourages researchers to search for an alternate source of renewable energy . An attempt has been made to produce biogas from kitchen waste following anaerobic digestion process where the bacteria degrade organic matters in the absence of oxygen. Kitchen waste is used as the best raw material for the Bio-gas plant. Biogas contains around (55‐85)% of methane (CH4 ), (30‐40)% of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) , a trace of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and moisture (H2O).The calorific value of biogas is around 4700 kcal or 20 MJ. In this paper, different samples of biogas have been taken to optimize methane (CH4 ) content by controlling the pH value, Temperature, concentration of slurry, retention time, C/N ratio and rate of loading. This experiment was done in a floating drum type anaerobic digester of 1cubicmeter capacity and it is made of fiber material. The maximum pH level is maintained to 7.3, maximum fermentation process at (30-35)°C , maximum Bio-gas produced 0.950m 3 and the maximum methane(CH4 ) is found to be 85%.
Keywords: Floating drum type Digester, Slurry, anaerobic digestion (AD), PH Value.
I. INTRODUCTION
Biogas is produced from all kind of biological organic waste like animal manure and industrial waste, human manure, restaurant waste etc. Such wastes become a major source of air and water pollution and responsible for 18% of the overall greenhouse gas and 64% of anthropogenic ammonia emission. Biogas is produced from organic wastes by the help of various groups of anaerobic bacteria through anaerobic decomposition. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biochemical and thermo chemical process which produces biogas. It has been found during anaerobic digestion that the microbial population makes use of about 25 to 30 times carbon faster than nitrogen [2]. In order to control excessive production of ammonia during AD is to increase the C/N ratio of feedstock. This can be done by co-digesting with other waste feedstock that is high in biodegradable carbon to improve the performance of AD. Kitchen waste is an organic material having high calorific value and nutritive value to microbes, so efficiency of methane production can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude. It means higher efficiency and size of reactor and cost of biogas production is reduced. Also in most of cities and places, kitchen waste is disposed in landfill or discarded which causes the public health hazards and diseases like malaria, cholera, typhoid.
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