Studies on Pollution and Contamination in Fishing Harbor Environment, Tamil Nadu, Southeast Coast of
India
Abstract: – This study aimed to determining the pollution and contamination of fishing harbor environment. Temperature (3.12, 1.874, 1.04, 1.25 oC), Salinity (2.05, 2.50, 2.49, 2.52 ppt.), pH (0.08, 0.10, 0.04, 0.06), Dissolved oxygen (0.56, 0.52, 0.53, 0.37 ml/l), Total Nitrogen (0.05, 0.11, 0.19, 0.07 µg/g), Total phosphorous (0.03, 0.03, 0.09, 0.06 µg/g), Total organic carbon (1.16, 0.26, 0.87, 0.63 mg/g); Soil texture viz. Sand (0.83, 0.99, 1.57, 2.28 %), Silt (0.60, 1.26, 1.58, 1.44 %), Clay (0.43, 0.47, 0.23, 1.36 %); Heavy metals are Cadmium (5.86, 3.58, 5.67, 0.05 µg/g), Copper (10.39, 54.74, 56.81, 15.98 µg/g), Lead (8.63, 9.05, 7.58, 5.88 µg/g), Nickel (28.86, 34.20, 23.56, 5.48 µg/g), Zinc (44.18, 48.19, 57.16, 52.56 µg/g), Chromium (28.06, 55.25, 38.23, 12.55 µg/g), Mercury (20.61, 22.99, 12.50, 7.37 µg/g) at st.1,2,3,4 respectively. Benthic faunal density ranged between 602 and 2988 nos. /m2 with Shannon–Wiener index (H’) ranged 2.03 – 3.5, evenness (J’) 0.79 – 0.98, richness (d’) 1.24 – 6.49. According to these estimations point calimar (Station. 4) contains less pollution contamination than other stations; indicated by rich density and diversity of benthic fauna occurrence in this station.
Key words: Benthic fauna; Soil; Heavy metals; Contamination; Pollution.
I. INTRODUCTION
In recent years the marine environments are contaminating from various waste discharge. Kinds of anthropogenic and industrial waste create pollution in particularly water environment due to their daily activity. The marine environment is sensitive ecosystem for protect flora and fauna 1 . When a benthic community is undergoing stress due to unfavorable environmental conditions there are presumed to be notable changes in community parameters such as diversity, abundances, dominance and biomass2 . Assessments of the benthic fauna communities depend on the variety of ecological factors with the biotic effect, facing kinds of phenomena, with that important parameters are climate, geology and geographical distributions3 . Present days the global species dispersal affects the biodiversity in aquatic environment4,5 . The composition of benthic macro invertebrate communities is influenced by a variety of environmental factors, main effects from chemical and biological factors, several benthic taxa especially indigenous gammarids and Asellus aquaticus tended to decline with increased densities of the invasive amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus6 .
Read More