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ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIII, Issue X, October 2024

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Cultural Preservation and Identity: Exploring Strategies for

Preserving Cultural Identity among Refugees, Migrants and

Minority Communities While Promoting Integration and Social

Cohesion

Chibuzor Ephraim ONYEMA

President/Chief Executive Officer Blacks Ancestral Native Communities (BANC) Foundation – Conveners of the Anti-

Illegal Migration Summit PhD Candidate, Department of Counselling Psychology, College of Specialized and Professional

Education. Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State, Nigeria

DOI : https://doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2024.131017

Received: 01 July 2024; Accepted: 27 July 2024; Published: 15 November 2024

Abstract: The preservation of cultural identity among refugees, migrants and minority communities poses a serious challenge in

the context of increasing global travel. This essay examines several tactics meant to support social cohesiveness and integration

within host nations while still protecting cultural identity. This research identifies critical elements that support the effective

preservation of cultural heritage by an extensive analysis of the body of existing literature. The study highlights the value of

inclusive policies, community-driven projects, and educational programs in promoting a sense of respect and belonging across

various communities. It also emphasizes how important intercultural communication and cooperation are to reducing cultural

differences and promoting social harmony. This study offers a sound understanding of how cultural integration and preservation

can coexist, ultimately leading to more inclusive and cohesive societies, by looking at successful models and potential

roadblocks. Policymakers, social workers, educators, and community leaders who are dedicated to promoting social integration

and cultural variety in a global community that is becoming more interconnected will find great value in these findings.

Key Words: Cultural preservation, cultural identity, minority communities, integration, social cohesion.

I. Introduction

Global Migration

Global migration, which is defined as the large-scale movement of people across borders as a result of usually unpleasant

circumstances like violence, economic problems and environmental changes, is an important feature of the 21st century. It poses

significant implications for both the migrants and the host countries. Migration is driven by a combination of push and pull

factors. Push factors, such as violence, political instability and lack of economic opportunities, force individuals to leave their

home countries. Conversely, pull factors, including better job prospects, safety and higher standards of living, attract migrants to

host countries (United Nations, 2020).

In recent years, the number of international migrants has continued to rise. According to the International Organization for

Migration (2021), there were approximately 281 million international migrants in 2020, representing 3.6% of the global

population. This increase in migration has brought about significant demographic changes, especially in countries with high

influxes of migrants. The effects of global migration are multifaceted. On one hand, it contributes to cultural diversity and

economic growth in host countries. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2020) states that immigrants

can benefit host societies by bringing a variety of skills, knowledge and cultures. However, there are difficulties in integrating

migrants, especially when it comes to preserving social cohesiveness and ensuring that migrants may maintain their cultural

identities while assimilating into their new communities.

Regarding Nigeria, the nation is a source as well as a destination for migrants. Due to Nigeria's economic and security

circumstances, a large number of Nigerians have emigrated, a phenomenon called as "japa," as they search for better chances

overseas (International Organization for Migration, 2021). Due to regional hostilities and economic inequality, Nigeria

simultaneously shelters refugees and migrants from neighboring countries (United Nations High Commission for Refugees,

2020). The dual challenges of social integration and cultural preservation call for wide-ranging approaches that include inclusive

laws, community-driven projects and educational interventions. These initiatives can help immigrants and host communities feel

a feeling of community, which will increase respect and understanding amongst them (Afolayan, 2021)

Importance of Cultural Identity Preservation

For immigrants, refugees and minority communities, maintaining cultural identity is essential because it fosters a sense of

continuity, resilience and belonging. This is especially crucial in Nigeria, where a sizable migrant population coexists with a

variety of ethnic groupings. The preservation of one's cultural identity is essential to one's mental health. Strong cultural identities

assist refugees and migrants in overcoming both the trauma of relocation and the challenges of integrating into a new society

(Sam & Berry, 2019). For many, cultural practices, language and traditions serve as a link to their homeland, offering comfort and

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a sense of normalcy amid change. Cultural identity preservation also fosters community cohesion and mutual respect among

diverse populations. By allowing migrants and minority communities to retain their cultural heritage, host societies can benefit

from enhanced social harmony. Cultural festivals, language schools and traditional art forms enrich the cultural landscape of host

countries and promote intercultural dialogue (Verkuyten, 2020). This mutual respect can mitigate social tensions and foster a

more inclusive society.

Cultural diversity, when preserved and embraced, contributes to economic innovation and growth. Migrants bring unique skills,

perspectives and entrepreneurial spirit that can drive economic development. For instance, traditional crafts, cuisines and

enterprises based on cultural heritage have the potential to grow into important economic assets (Afolayan, Ikwuyatum, &

Abegunde, 2021). Nigeria's thriving cultural industries, including music, movies, and fashion, have historically benefited from the

preservation of ethnic identities among different ethnic groups. Incorporating divergent cultural viewpoints into educational

programmes improves the learning experiences of all students. Educating learners about different cultures from an early age

fosters a sense of inclusivity and respect and equips them for success in a multicultural society (Banks, 2020). Nigerian unity and

pride can be nurtured through educational efforts that recognize and include the nation's rich cultural history.

Cultural identity maintenance is important, and understanding this is necessary for effective policy-making. Policies that uphold

minority communities' rights, encourage cultural endeavors and supply funds for cultural preservation initiatives are crucial. By

ensuring that cultural heritage is both cherished and protected, these policies foster a society that is more inclusive and cohesive

(International Organization for Migration, 2021).

Challenges Faced by Refugees, Migrants and Minority Communities

Numerous obstacles prevent Nigerian refugees, migrants and minority groups from maintaining their cultural identities while

assimilating into the society at large. These issues are described below under social, economic, political and cultural categories.

1. Social Challenges

Discrimination and xenophobia are two of the major problems confronting these communities.

Research indicates that immigrants and refugees are frequently discriminated against by host communities. This an manifest in

various forms, including verbal abuse, exclusion from social services and even physical violence (Adebayo, 2020). This

discrimination hampers their ability to build social networks that are crucial for cultural preservation and integration.

2. Economic Challenges

Economic hardships are also prevalent among refugees and migrants in Nigeria. They face significant barriers to employment due

to their legal status, lack of recognition of their qualifications and language barriers (Ibrahim & Aliero, 2019). As a result, they

often find themselves in precarious, low-paying jobs that do not provide financial stability. This economic marginalization limits

their access to resources needed for cultural activities and education, further hindering cultural preservation.

3. Political Challenges

Politically, refugees and migrants often lack representation and voice in decision-making processes. This political

disenfranchisement is exacerbated by bureaucratic hurdles in the lengthy process of gaining legal status and the ability to work

(Osinubi, 2021). These communities find it difficult to promote laws that would aid in integration and cultural preservation in the

absence of political representation.

4. Cultural Challenges

It might be difficult for migrants and refugees to uphold their cultural customs in a foreign setting. Their individual cultural

identity may slowly erode as a result of pressure to adapt into the mainstream culture. Furthermore, Nwosu and Arinze (2020)

note that cultural events like festivals, language courses, and community centers are crucial for cultural preservation but

frequently receive little institutional backing.

II. Literature Review

Overview of Existing Literature on Cultural Identity Preservation

Particularly in light of the rising worldwide migration and displacement, the maintenance of cultural identity among refugees,

migrants and minority communities has attracted substantial scholarly attention. This is especially pertinent in Nigeria due to the

country's unique ethnic composition and the influx of refugees from neighbouring countries. This review addresses the influence

of globalization, community support networks, governmental regulations and cultural behaviours.

Role of Cultural Practices

Language, festivals and traditional arts are examples of cultural behaviours that are essential to preserving cultural identity.

According to Adetunji (2020), language is the main medium for identification and cultural transmission. In order to guarantee that

future generations continue to speak their original languages, he highlights the necessity of language preservation initiatives

within immigrant and refugee groups. In a similar vein, customs and festivals are important in reinforcing cultural bonds and

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providing a sense of belonging (Okonkwo, 2021). These cultural practices not only preserve identity but also enhance

psychological well-being by providing continuity and stability.

Community Support Systems

Community support systems, including cultural associations and religious organizations, play a crucial role in cultural identity

preservation. Nwankwo and Ezeobi (2019) highlight the importance of ethnic associations in providing a platform for cultural

expression and support among migrants. These associations often organize cultural events, language classes, and social gatherings

that reinforce cultural identity. Additionally, religious institutions often serve as community hubs where cultural values and

practices are upheld (Obasi & Uchendu, 2020).

Government Policies

Government policies significantly influence the ability of refugees and migrants to preserve their cultural identity. Ibrahim (2021)

argues that inclusive policies that recognize and support cultural diversity necessitates support for cultural initiatives as well as

the adoption of multicultural education in schools in order to preserve cultural diversity. Restrictive immigration laws and

bureaucratic bottlenecks, however, may make these initiatives more difficult.

Impact of Globalization

Cultural identity preservation has both opportunities and challenges as a result of globalization. While the dominance of global

cultures, particularly Western culture, can cause the disintegration of local cultural identities, access to global networks and

digital platforms enables refugees and migrants to connect with their cultural heritage and communities around the world

(Balogun & Adeyemi, 2022).

III. Strategies for Preserving Cultural Identity

Community-Driven Initiatives

In Nigeria, community-driven initiatives are essential to the preservation of cultural identity among minority communities,

refugees and migrants. These initiatives, which are frequently led by community people,

concentrate on promoting cultural practices, offering networks of support and setting up venues for cultural expression. These

grassroots strategy guarantees the relevance and sustainability of cultural preservation.

Cultural Associations and Organizations

In order to preserve and advance cultural identity, cultural associations and organizations are essential. These organizations

frequently plan celebrations of cultural days through festivals, workshops and events. Nwankwo and Ezeobi (2019) claim that

these kinds of associations offer a forum for cultural expression and perpetuation, which allow locals to participate in customs

and transmit them to the next generation. To preserve Igbo music, dance and food, for example, the Igbo Cultural Association in

Oyo and Ogun States has played an important role in arranging yearly cultural events and promoting Igbo culture among the

diaspora.

Language Preservation Programmes

Language is a critical aspect of cultural identity, and community-driven language preservation programmes are essential. These

programmes often include language classes, literacy workshops and the creation of educational materials in native languages.

This initiative not only helps in retaining linguistic skills but also strengthens cultural bonds within the community (Adetunji,

2020).

Community Centres and Cultural Spaces

Community centres and cultural spaces provide a physical venue for cultural activities and gatherings. These spaces serve as hubs

for cultural education, social interaction and support networks. These centres help to preserve cultural practices and provide a

sense of belonging.

Digital Platforms and Social Media

In the digital age, online platforms and social media have become powerful tools for cultural preservation. Digital initiatives, such

as websites, social media groups and online forums allow diaspora communities to connect, share cultural content and organize

virtual events (Adedeji, 2020).

Collaborative Projects with Local Authorities

Collaborative projects between community groups and local authorities can enhance the effectiveness of cultural preservation

efforts. These projects often involve the provision of resources, policy support and infrastructure development (Adeyemi &

Olaniyan, 2021).

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Inclusive Policies

Inclusive policies are essential for preserving cultural identity among refugees, migrants and minority communities while

promoting integration and social cohesion in Nigeria. These policies aim to create an environment where diverse cultural

expressions are recognized, respected and supported, thereby fostering a sense of belonging and mutual respect among all

members of society.

Multicultural Education

One of the most effective inclusive policies is the implementation of multicultural education in schools. Multicultural education

involves incorporating diverse cultural perspectives into the curriculum, which helps students appreciate and understand different

cultures. Adeyemi and Olaniyan (2021) argue that multicultural education can promote social cohesion by reducing prejudice and

fostering mutual respect among students from different backgrounds.

Legal Protections for Cultural Rights

Legal protections for cultural rights are crucial for safeguarding the cultural practices of minority communities. These protections

can include laws that recognize and protect cultural practices, languages and traditions. The Nigerian government has made

significant strides in this area by enacting laws that support cultural rights and protect minority groups from discrimination

(Ibrahim, 2021). The Nigerian Constitution, for example, guarantees the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion,

which includes the freedom to practice and promote one's culture.

Support for Cultural Organizations

Government support for cultural organizations and community groups is another important inclusive policy. This support can take

the form of funding, resources, and infrastructure development. Nwankwo and Ezeobi (2019) highlight the importance of

government grants and subsidies for cultural organizations that work to preserve and promote cultural heritage. By providing

financial support, the government can help ensure that these organizations have the resources they need to organize cultural

events, language classes and other activities that promote cultural identity.

Inclusive Urban Planning

Inclusive urban planning involves designing public spaces and infrastructure in a way that reflects and accommodates the cultural

diversity of the community. This can include the establishment of cultural centres, museums and other public facilities that foster

various cultural practices (Obasi & Uchendu, 2020).

Anti-Discrimination Policies

The establishment of an environment that values and respects varied cultural identities depends on anti-discrimination laws.

These regulations may include steps to stop and deal with discrimination in the workplace, in the classroom and in public

services. Adesope and Agbaje (2021) stress the significance of upholding anti-discrimination legislation to guarantee equitable

treatment and equal possibilities for participation in society for refugees, migrants and minority communities.

Educational Programmes

In Nigeria, educational initiatives are fundamental to the preservation of cultural identities among minority communities, refugees

and migrants. The purpose of these initiatives is to enable people to actively participate in cultural preservation efforts, foster

multicultural understanding and educate the community and larger society about cultural heritage.

Cultural Heritage Curriculum

A good strategy for encouraging the preservation of cultural identity is to integrate cultural heritage within the formal education

curriculum. According to Adetunji (2020), incorporating contents on indigenous languages, cultural history and practices into

school curricula can help students to appreciate their cultural background and realize the significance of cultural diversity.

Language and Literacy Programmes

The preservation of native languages and the advancement of cultural identity depend heavily on language and literacy

programmes. Classes on language, literacy and the creation of educational resources in vernacular are frequently included in these

initiatives (Nwosu & Arinze, 2020).

Cultural Exchange Programmes

Cultural exchange programmes foster understanding and appreciation between various cultural groups by facilitating inter-group

encounters. Cultural exchanges or visits between communities, festivals and workshops are frequently a part of these programmes

(Obasi & Uchendu, 2020). By encouraging cultural exchange, these programmes promote respect for cultural differences and

contribute to social cohesion.

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Heritage Conservation Education

Heritage conservation education focuses on the preservation and management of cultural artifacts, sites and practices. In Nigeria,

heritage conservation education initiatives aim to raise awareness about the importance of cultural preservation and empower

communities to protect their cultural assets. By involving community members in conservation efforts, these programmes ensure

that cultural heritage is safeguarded for future generations.

Digital and Media Literacy Programmes

Digital and media literacy programmes enable communities to use digital technologies and media platforms to document, share

and promote their cultural heritage. Adedeji (2020) emphasizes the importance of digital literacy programmes that teach

community members how to create digital archives, produce multimedia content and utilize social media to promote cultural

values.

IV. Role of Intercultural Dialogue in Promoting Integration and Social Cohesion

In Nigeria, intercultural communication is essential for fostering social cohesion and integration among minority, immigrant and

refugee populations. It entails deep conversations, intellectual sharing and mutual comprehension between people and

organizations with various cultural origins. Consequently, this may promote cooperation, tolerance and respect. Intercultural

discourse facilitates communication, fosters partnerships between divergent populations and act as a bridge across cultural

differences. For example, interfaith gatherings, community forums and cultural festivals offer people a chance to enunciate their

cultural viewpoints, values and experiences (Adeyemi & Olaniyan, 2021). These exchanges aid in dispelling prejudice, fostering

empathy among community members and breaking down preconceptions.

Ifedayo (2021) highlights the role of educational institutions in fostering intercultural dialogue through multicultural education

initiatives. By integrating diverse cultural perspectives into the curriculum, schools create environments where students can learn

about and respect cultural diversity from an early age. Intercultural dialogue contributes to conflict resolution and peacebuilding

by fostering mutual understanding and cooperation among individuals from different cultural backgrounds. Nwosu and Arinze

(2020) discuss the effectiveness of dialogue-based approaches in resolving issues of conflict and promoting social harmony and

stability.

Intercultural dialogue informs policy development and implementation by incorporating diverse voices and perspectives into

decision-making processes. Adebisi and Ibrahim (2021) argue that inclusive policies resulting from dialogue-based consultations

can better address the needs and aspirations of multicultural societies. For example, consultations with community leaders and

stakeholders can inform the development of cultural preservation policies that support minority rights and promote inclusive

development.

Intercultural dialogue strengthens social networks and enhances community resilience by fostering trust and solidarity among

community members. Obasi and Uchendu (2020) emphasize the role of dialogue in building resilient communities that can

effectively respond to social, economic and environmental challenges. By promoting cooperation and collective action,

intercultural dialogue contributes to community empowerment and sustainable development.

Factors Affecting Successful Cultural Heritage Maintenance

Several factors play a role in maintaining cultural heritage and preserving cultural identity. These include community engagement

and ownership, intergenerational transmission of knowledge, institutional support and infrastructure, adaptation to contemporary

contexts and collaboration and networking.

Community Engagement and Ownership

Community engagement and ownership are crucial for the sustainable maintenance of cultural heritage. According to Nwankwo

and Ezeobi (2019), active participation from community members in cultural preservation efforts ensures that traditions, rituals

and practices are upheld and transmitted across generations. When communities take ownership of their cultural heritage, they are

more likely to invest time, resources and effort into its preservation.

Intergenerational Transmission of Knowledge

The transmission of cultural knowledge and skills from older to younger generations is essential for maintaining cultural heritage

and preserving cultural identity. Adeyemi and Olaniyan (2021) emphasize the role of educational programmes, storytelling,

apprenticeships and mentorship in passing down traditional practices, languages and rituals. Intergenerational transmission

ensures continuity and relevance of cultural identity in a changing social and economic landscape.

Institutional Support and Infrastructure

Institutional support and infrastructure play a critical role in cultural heritage maintenance. This includes governmental policies

that recognize and protect cultural rights, as discussed by Adebisi and Ibrahim (2021). Adequate funding, access to cultural

institutions such as museums and libraries and conservation efforts for tangible cultural artifacts are essential for preserving

cultural heritage for future generations.

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Adaptation to Contemporary Contexts

Successful cultural heritage maintenance involves adapting traditional practices and customs to contemporary contexts without

compromising their authenticity. Adesope and Agbaje (2021) argue that cultural adaptation allows communities to respond to

social, economic and environmental changes while maintaining core cultural values and practices. This adaptive approach ensures

that cultural heritage remains relevant and meaningful in modern society.

Collaboration and Networking

Collaboration and networking with external stakeholders, including NGOs, academia, and international organizations, enhance

the capacity for cultural heritage maintenance. Obasi and Uchendu (2020) discuss the importance of partnerships in funding,

research and advocacy that support community-led initiatives for cultural preservation. By leveraging external resources and

expertise, communities can strengthen their efforts in documenting, promoting and safeguarding cultural heritage and identity.

V. Conclusion

In conclusion, preserving cultural identity among refugees, migrants and minority communities is crucial for maintaining social

cohesion and fostering a sense of belonging. By implementing community-driven initiatives, supportive policies and intercultural

dialogue, it is possible to create an inclusive society that values diversity while promoting integration and mutual respect.

VI. Recommendations

1. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies that track the effectiveness of various cultural identity preservation

strategies over time. This will provide insights into the long-term impact of these initiatives on both individual and community

well-being among refugees, migrants, and minority groups.

2. Research should investigate the role of digital platforms and social media in preserving cultural identity and promoting

integration and evaluate how these tools can be optimized to support cultural exchange, community building and the

maintenance of cultural practices among dispersed populations.

3. Research should analyze the effectiveness of inclusive policies and anti-discrimination measures implemented by governments

and local authorities in order to identify best practices and areas for improvement. This will help in promoting cultural identity

preservation and social cohesion.

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