INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

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Seroprevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Among Students of Nigerian

College of Education

1

Auwalu Jalo,

*1

Bashir Umar Dayi

1

associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. There is limited knowledge about the prevalence and associations of H. Pylori among

students of colleges of education in Nigeria. This study determined the current prevalence and associated factors in apparently

healthy Nigeria Colleges of education students. A multistage sampling technique was used to recruit five hundred and fifty three

(543) apparently healthy male and female students. The investigation used descriptive cross-sectional study for H. pylori infection

using a monoclonal serum antigen test. Students were interviewed with guided structured questions. The information on the

socio-demographic factors, locality, level, nutritional status and ulcer history were obtained. From the total subjected screened

9% were H. pylori seropositive and out of which 7% were female while 2% were male. The sero-prevalence among age group

showed higher prevalence between 18 to 22 years. It is recommended that awareness be raised about good hygiene practices and

provision of access to proper and continuous screening and treatment for infected individuals associated with H. pylori infection.

Keywords: Prevalence, Gastric ulcer, health, nutrition and education

is unclear [5]. Recent studies showed transmission via either faecal-oral or oral-oral route. It may be directly related to the source

of drinking water [6]. Infection with H. pylori is related to many diseases e.g. iron deficiency anemia, migraine and coronary

heart disease [7]. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that H. pylori infection increases with age. It is higher in developing

countries and among population with low socioeconomic status. Tis may be due to poor hygiene, crowded living conditions and

absence of sanitation. In developed countries, children and adolescents are only infrequently infected, while in adults over 50

years of age the infection ranges from 30–60% [8].

Several risk factors for H. pylori infection have been reported in several studies [9]. Most of the studies examined cross-sectional

associations between various risk factors and the probability of being infected at the time of screening; this may not distinguish

the determinants of persistent infection from the determinants of acquisition. Some of the factors that have been identified to be

associated with H. pylori include:

associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and it is acquired in childhood. There is limited knowledge about the prevalence and

associations of H. Pylori among students of colleges of education in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the current

prevalence and associated factors in apparently healthy Nigeria Colleges of education students. A multistage sampling technique

was used to recruit four hundred and fifty three (543) apparently healthy male and female students. The study has the following

objectives 1) To determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in the study group by age and gender. 2) To determine the

relationship between socio-demographic factors and prevalence of H. pylori and 3) To determine the relationship between

nutritional status and the prevalence of H. pylori.

II. Materials and Methods

This research was carried out in Federal College of Education Katsina. The population of the study includes the students of

Federal College of Education Katsina across seven (7) schools of the college. The sample size was calculated using the

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

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ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIII, Issue VIII, August 2024

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The participants were interviewed using structured and guided questions. The first part contained questions regarding the

demographic data (age, gender, blood groups and family income). The second part referred to selected features relating to the

students’ lifestyle such as living conditions, smoking, alcohol, caffeine consumption and the presence of gastric symptoms. The

last part of the questionnaire was related to the family history and hygienic behaviours. The questionnaire was filled by the

students themselves after short introduction about the study, H. Pylori prevalence and it is effect on our health [7].

In statistical analysis, the data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science, V 20.0), descriptive statistics

were used to determine the prevalence of H. Pylori infection in the participants using simple percentage and bar charts [5].

III. Results

To determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in the study group by age and gender.

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To determine the relationship between nutritional status and the prevalence of H. pylori.

Figure 5: Chart showing the prevalence of H. pylori between undergraduate and NCE students

IV. Results and Discussion

The total of 543 college students were screened out of which 91% were tested negative and 9% were H. pylori seropositive.

Figure1, showed percentage of the student gender out of which 51 students were tested positive. Male and female student

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59.72% in females as against 43.75% in males was reported. All these works showed the prevalence of the disease in women to

Figure 2, revealed H. pylori sero-prevalence to be higher in the age range of 18-22years represented at 5% followed by 23-

between 18–30y of age and to 50% in those > 60y [19]. This result is also similar to the findings of various researches done

within Nigeria; the research done in Ibadan by [20] showed that age range 25-30 years had a highest prevalence of 60% compared

to other age ranges, [21] in Warri Teaching Hospital reported that patients with age range 20-30 had the highest prevalence of

84%. However, its contrary to the study conducted in Bauchi [15] and in Pakistan [12].

Figure 3, the sero-prevalence of H. pylori based on locality showed out of 51% students from urban areas 45% were sero-negative

and 6% seropositive while 49% of the students were from rural having 45% sero-negative and 3% sero-positive. This showed that

the infection is more pronounced among students from the urban centres than those from the rural areas. This may be as a result

of the higher population density and level of interaction in the urban centres, where crowded living conditions especially high

number of people at home increased the risk [15].

Figure 4, The nutritional status showed 47% students with balanced diet out of which 3% were H. pylori sero-positive whereas,

tested positive and negative respectively. The study showed that H. pylori is more prevalent among NCE students than

undergraduate students. This could ascribed to the differences in their educational status that undergraduate students are more

enlightened. However, [18] found that seroprevalence of H. pylori increases with the level of study in the university, with the

highest prevalence of 9.3% in 100 level, followed by 200 level with 6.3% seropositivity. Levels 300 and 400 followed suit with

5.8% and 2.5%, respectively. Moreover, the decrease in seroprevalence progressed from 200, 300 to 400 [19].

V. Conclusion

This work was done using the serology method to ascertain the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection amongst students of

colleges of education Katsina. The findings showed a very low prevalence of this infection among the students which may be

attributed to the good sanitary living, good personal and environmental hygiene of the students. However, the study further

revealed comparatively higher seroprevalence among female students. It is suggested that colleges of education should raise

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

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