INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)

ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIII, Issue IX, September 2024

www.ijltemas.in Page 131

Design and Development of a Low Cost Smart Electronic School

Bell

Kazi Wohiduzzaman, Rahmot Ullah, Ashit Sharkar

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Metropolitan University, Bangladesh

DOI : https://doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2024.130913

Received: 18 September 2024; Accepted: 24 September 2024; Published: 10 October 2024

Abstract: A considerable advancement of automation over the decades shows automation is very much essential in every sectors

especially where time is a major factor. Hence there is a huge demand for automated notification or bell system which has high

degree of accuracy and low cost. The main purpose of this project is to develop a smart bell system which can be used all kinds of

educational institutions. Smart school bell implement a smart way to manage class periods and breaks without use of manually

operated manpower. There is a controller machine, where each class can be set up as desired and from this machine one speaker

will be installed in each class. Bell will play in every room through the speakers. The machine will be equipped with a microphone

that allows the headmaster or anyone to send the message to all classes simultaneously or to any class separately. The system is

made by establishing a serial interface between PIC microcontroller (PIC16F877A) and a Real Time Clock (RTC) is designed with

the help of PIC 16F72 module and the LCD display units provide real time and class time separately. The software coding part is

done using micro C and hardware implementation is done using the components. The main advantage of this project is due to very

easy circuit operation it is easy to operate, cost effective and can be password protected to avoid unauthorized access.

Keywords: Smart, Bell, LED, LCD, Microcontroller, Relay, Automatic, Time Display, RTC, PIC, and Switch.

I. Introduction

Now days, we are living in the automation world, where everything is getting automated with the help of an advanced programmable

controller. Smart School bell system is such kind of automation for schools or an institution that reduces the effort necessary to

control an electric bell manually that gives alarm for certain intervals of time based on school or college timings. The proposed

system uses a simple pic microcontroller to make the product affordable. Generally conservative methods need a peon or bell operator

to control the bell system for every class and intermission in schools and also institutions. Such systems require considerable human

efforts to do so and need progress in order to become automatic electronic bell that reduce human efforts. The proposed system is

very important in schools, colleges and also any kinds of classes. Ooperation of this automatic instrument (electronic bell) must have

to be executed with an accurate time controller in an inexpensive way. Electronic automatic bell system is designed for school/college

bells to make school/college bells automated. The primary objective of designing this project is to reduce the human intervention for

the purpose of manual switching operation of a bell. Because of this manual switching we are having an improper and inaccurate

operation of time. So, a system should be designed in such a way that it is exactly dependent on the real time clock and the switching

of the bell should be controlled automatically without human intervention. In addition, the system should be designed in such a way

that we can store the schedule of whole day or week and able to change it as per our requirement. Moreover, the use of this device

for multi-stored and large-scale schools and colleges will play a very beneficial role.

II. Literature Review

In recent decades, several school/college bell systems have been tested, some proving more functional than others traditional

electronic bell. Several schools have tried using sirens and klaxons to alert students and teachers of period times, nevertheless these

were usually found to be stressful, and had an adverse effect on the concentration ability of students. The colleges/ schools, where

the teaching section can span over eight periods including breaks that the bell rings at the start of each period without any human

intervention to a great degree of accuracy and hence takes over the manual task of switching on/off the college bell with respect to

time. The bell rings at the start of each period without any human intervention to a great degree of accuracy and hence takes over

the manual task of switching on/off the college bell with respect to time. Microcontroller has to be programmed using the C language

or assembly language for controlling the circuit and it uses Real Time Clock (DS1307) which tracks the real time [1][2].

Circuit uses a programmed microcontroller chip to schedule the school teaching and break periods so that for every start or end of

a period a bell is automatically rang. This design finds a tremendous use at primary and secondary school levels where the teaching

sections can span over eight periods including breaks [4][5]. Another Arduino based college bell circuit used three major

components which are IC RTCDS1307, Arduino Uno Board, and 16x2 LCD modules. Arduino is used for reading time from ds1307

and display it on 16x2 LCD. A buzzer is also used for alarm indication, which beeps when alarm is activated, simultaneously voice

module will read out the data displayed on the LCD module [3]. While there are solutions available in market to automate this task,

they are also cumbersome to operate and overpriced for the limited features they offer. They use DS3231 RTC module for

timekeeping and HC-05 Bluetooth module for wireless communication. This design provides multiple time table setting features

along with an elaborate event holding capacity which is far more versatile than the timer system commercially available in the

market [6].

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)

ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIII, Issue IX, September 2024

www.ijltemas.in Page 132

One research is carried out through two stages of design. The first stage is the stage of hardware design. The second stage is the

stage of software design. Programs are made using the Basic programming language using the Bascom-AVR application. The

results of the product were tested using the black box method with two stages. In the first stage, software testing uses a series of

simulations on the Proteus 7 Professional application. The second stage is testing hardware [7]. A high accurate school bell

controller based on ESP32 and DS3231 Real Time Clock module implemented with using Wi-Fi to correct the system time

whenever switched OFF and ON despite of that the accuracy of the DS3231 RTC is +-40 seconds per year with the absence of the

Internet. The Bluetooth part of ESP32 is used to configure the system by inserting timetable of the school, the time delay for ringing

bell, offset time for the country, and configuring SSID and PASS of the router [8]. An electric bell is used as alarm, which will ring

when the alarm is activated, and so the date and time will be displayed on the LCD module. The bell would continue to ring for 10

seconds in every block of our college simultaneously by transferring the information via IoT, which will indicate the students and

faculty of the institutions about the completion of a particular session in all the blocks in a simultaneous manner [9]. The bell rings

at the start of every period without any human intervention to a great degree of accuracy and hence succeeds the manual task of

switching on/off the college bell on-time. This project uses LAN to work. Both Hardware and the App should be connected to the

same Wi-Fi network [10].

The system was developed speakers are connected wirelessly and timing of bell and national anthem are programmable. The

transmitter side consists of a zigbee connected to computer and GUI is used to control the timing of bell, national anthem. The

receiver consists of controller and zigbee and LCD display. The college bell is a simple project implementing the use in real time

with its properties as an alarm with further more improvements [11][12]. Low power automatic bell which can be used in

educational institutions and the power estimation details. The bell automatically rings at preprogrammed time intervals and also

displays the time in the seven segment display continuously. The low power aspect is brought about by using ‘SLEEP’ mode in

PIC microcontroller which keeps the system in idle state when it is not in use [13]. GSM module are use for sending and receiving

the message, once the period is set, GSM module sends message to that particular faculty, when class begins; It additionally changes

the information in the notice board through straightforward SMS [14].

III. Working Methodology

The total system is designed in four basic parts. Firstly, the power supplies that supply power all of circuits. Secondly (RTC) real

time digital clock circuit with which time data has been taken. Then the main controller part is design with microcontroller and the

last part of the system is amplifier circuit and sound unit and it is the main output section of this proposed system. The circuit concept

is quite simple. First AC current to the pin is plugged into the primary part of the transformer. The primary part of the transformer

has been rated at 220 volts and the secondary part has been converted 220 volts to 12 volts. A full wave bridge rectifier gives 12 volts

AC voltage to 12 volts DC voltage. From that 12 volts DC to 5 volts by voltage regulator IC has been generated. By which the digital

voltage of the circuit is given. The first part of the circuit contains a real time digital clock circuit. Data from that digital clock is

taken to a controller circuit. With that circuit there are buttons to select time for classes, which time can be selected as desired there

will be a pin out of the controller circuit according to the time that will be selected in the segment. Connected to a sound is given to

the speaker via an amplifier. The amplifier comes with a microphone that can be used to send voice to the speaker.

Fig. 1. Flow Chart of the Proposed System.

Fig. 2. Block Diagram of the Proposed System.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)

ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIII, Issue IX, September 2024

www.ijltemas.in Page 133

IV. Working Principle

The operation of the proposed system is very simple. To install the device in a class, one speaker should be installed in each class.

The main device should be set in a specific place, in which case it is better to have a head teacher's room. The amplifier attached to

the device must be parallel to each speaker. The first digital clock is kept to see the time and the data of the main controller circuit

becomes this socket. Then the specific time is set for the bell in the main controller circuit, and then the output comes to the

controller circuit at that set time. f) Later that output is given to a sound module. A sound module is connected to an amplifier. Then

the sound goes from that amplifier to the speaker that is installed in the classroom. And it goes at the time that is set.

Fig. 3. Circuit Diagram of Proposed System.

Fig. 4. Circuit Diagram of power Section.

Fig. 5. Circuit Diagram of Clock Section

Fig. 6. Circuit Diagram of Controll Section

V. Practical Implementation

In the first stage we completed the whole project program with micro c. Then we tested the project at the Computers electronics

software Lab Centre Portions. Then we setup the physical construction of the project. After that we passed that program through

the computer to the microcontroller IC using a writer. Then we powered the circuit, digital clock circuit and all the parts are

integrated in the circuit according to the controller diagram. We checked the digital clock first then checked the main controller

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)

ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIII, Issue IX, September 2024

www.ijltemas.in Page 134

circuit. Then we set three times in the controller circuit. When the time is set, we can hear the speaker’s sound through the amplifier

through the sound module according to those three times. Lastly, we checked the sound on the speakers by connecting a microphone

with amplifier.

Fig. 7. Real time Project circuit.

VI. Result Analysis

After implementing all the components in electronic strip board, we tested the projects step by step and got the expected results.

After giving power supply to the kit, firstly we checked the digital clock, and the digital clock is working properly. Then we set the

main controller circuit three times. The speakers also rang according to the set three times. Finally we attached the microphone to

the amplifier and checked that it was ringing. We written the program in such a way that the bell should ring simultaneously in

every 60 minutes, and the project was functioned as per expected.

Table 1. Cost Calculation of the Project

Description

Quantity

Price (BDT)

AC Power Cable

Transformer 12 volt (Step Down)

300

Microcontroller (16F72)

190

Microcontroller (16F876A)

100

748C595 Shift Resister

100

UN 2003IC

Resistor

Capacitor

Display (Seven segment)

550

Amplifier Circuit

400

LED

Bray Board

180

Wire Faxable

120ft

250

Diode

DS 3231

180

PVC (5mm)

5ft

150

Transistor (2N22)

Super Glue

100

Others

100

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING,

MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS)

ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIII, Issue IX, September 2024

www.ijltemas.in Page 135

VII. Conclusion

Bells are a very significant to all educational institutions. It can manage and control class schedule with proper time slotting. This

microcontroller based automatic belling system able to provide bells at specific time periods mange by authorized person. In this

work, simple smart electronic school/college bell is developed using internal code which is fully meet the system’s goal. The basic

design provides an opportunity of selecting the suitable time schedule for every school by momentarily pressing one of the push-

to-on switches. This signals the microcontroller to carry out the specific task, thereby ringing the bell at a regular time interval.

Therefore, from the results obtained, it can be concluded that the aim of this work has been practically and theoretically achieved.

In addition this electronic bell sound system is controllable; the authorized person can manage volume as per demand, and also this

project can use alternative power source like, solar energy.

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