“Emerging Occupational Risks in a Pharmaceutical Company Under Industry 4.0: An Assessment Using TICHNER and HIRAC Tools”
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract: The integration of Industry 4.0 technologies within the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector aligns with broader industrial objectives, aiming to enhance productivity and adaptability while meeting challenging standards for product quality and diversity while maximizing efficiency. However, this shift is not risk-free. This particularly concerns the well-being of workers which is one of the top concerns shared by manufacturers. As the industry navigates this transition, it is imperative to prioritize the safety of personnel. The rapid pace of technological innovation within pharmaceutical manufacturing carries significant implications, introducing new and emerging risks. Consequently, proactive identification and assessment of these potential threats are essential to effectively mitigate their impact and ensure preparedness for forthcoming changes. To address this gap, this study provides an approach for identifying potential sources and significant factors contributing to its increasing risks in implementing Industry 4.0 in manufacturing industries. This set of sources and factors was evaluated in a medium-sized pharmaceutical manufacturing company aided by TICHNER and HIRAC Tools through a mixed-method approach. The combination of these tools facilitates the identification, characterization, and analysis of new and emerging risks associated with Industry 4.0 implementation. The findings of the study showed that Psychosocial Hazards and Work Experience/ Knowledge are the most common potential sources of Psychological Risks, Unemployment, and Need for Qualified Workers. The approach will allow manufacturers to proactively manage the new and emerging challenges brought by Industry 4.0 and safeguard the well-being of the workforce.
Downloads
Downloads
References
Kumar, S. H., Talasila, D., Gowrav, M. P., & Gangadharappa, H. V. (2020). Adaptations of Pharma 4.0 from Industry 4.0. Drug Invention Today, 14(3).
Reinhardt, I. C., Oliveira, J. C., & Ring, D. T. (2020). Current perspectives on the development of industry 4.0 in the pharmaceutical sector. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 18, 100131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2020.100131
Popkova, E. G., Ragulina, Y. V., & Bogoviz, A. V. (2019). Fundamental differences of transition to industry 4.0 from previous industrial revolutions. In Industry 4.0: Industrial Revolution of the 21st Century (pp. 21-29). Springer, Cham. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94310-7_3
Thomas, P., & Nicholas, D. (2018). The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Shaping New Era. Journal of International Affairs, 72(1), 17-22.
Min, J., Kim, Y., Lee, S., Jang, T. W., Kim, I., & Song, J. (2019). The fourth industrial revolution and its impact on occupational health and safety, worker's compensation and labor conditions. Safety and health at work, 10(4), 400-408. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.09.005
Arden, N. S., Fisher, A. C., Tyner, K., Lawrence, X. Y., Lee, S. L., & Kopcha, M. (2021). Industry 4.0 for pharmaceutical manufacturing: Preparing for the smart factories of the future. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 602, 120554. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120554
Zorzenon, R., Lizarelli, F. L., & Daniel, B. D. A. (2022). What is the potential impact of industry 4.0 on health and safety at work? Safety Science, 153, 105802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105802
Leso, V., Fontana, L., & Iavicoli, I. (2018). The occupational health and safety dimension of Industry 4.0. La Medicina del lavoro, 109(5), 327.
https://kpmg.com/ph/en/home/insights/2019/02/philippines-pharma-all-set-for-continuous-growth.html (Accessed: Decem b er 20, 2023 12:17 am)
Magnavita, N., & Chirico, F. (2020). New and emerging risk factors in occupational health. Applied Sciences, 10(24), 8906. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248906
Arana-Landín, G., Laskurain-Iturbe, I., Iturrate, M., & Landeta-Manzano, B. (2023). Assessing the influence of industry 4.0 technologies on occupational health and safety. Heliyon, 9(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13720
International Labour Organization (ILO). (2011). Safety and health at work: A vision for sustainable prevention. Geneva: ILO.
Benson, C., Dimopoulos, C., Argyropoulos, C. D., Mikellidou, C. V., & Boustras, G. (2021). Assessing the common occupational health hazards and their health risks among oil and gas workers. Safety science, 140, 105284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105284
Marmot, M., & Wilkinson, R. (Eds.). (2005). Social Determinants of Health. Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565895.001.0001
Griffin, M. A., & Neal, A. (2000). "Perceptions of Safety at Work: A Framework for Linking Safety Climate to Safety Performance, Knowledge, and Motivation." Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(3), 347-358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//1076-8998.5.3.347
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (1999). "Stress at Work." NIOSH Publication No. 99-101.
Tarafdar, M., et al. (2015). Examining the impact of technostress on productivity: A longitudinal study. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 62(3), 366-376.
Ferrie, J. E., et al. (2016). Job insecurity and health: A meta-analytical review of prospective studies. BMJ Open, 6(2), e010085.
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. WW Norton & Company.
Eurofound. (2020). Working conditions in the European Union: Manufacturing. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Golden, T. D., & Eddleston, K. A. (2020). Is there a price telecommuters pay? Examining the relationship between telecommuting and objective career success. Journal of vocational behavior, 116, 103348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2019.103348
Flaspöler, E., Reinert, D., Brun E., 2005. Expert Forecast on Emerging Physical Risks Related to Occupational Safety and Health. EU-OSHA (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work), Luxembourg.
Brun, E., Beeck, R.O.,Van Herpe, S., Isotalo, L., Laamanen, I., Blotière, O., Mur, J.M., Orthen, B., Wagne, R.E., Flaspöler E., Reinert, D., et al., 2007a. Expert Forecast on Emerging Biological Risks Related to Occupational Safety and Health. EU-OSHA (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work), Luxembourg.
Brun, E., Milczarek, M., Roskams, N., Op De Beeck, R., Pahkin, K., Berthet, M., Morvan, E., Kuhn, K., Kaluz, S., Hupke, M. et al., 2007b. Expert Forecast on Emerging Psychosocial Risks Related to Occupational Safety and Health. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
Brun, E., Op de Beeck, R., Van Herpe, S., Isotalo, L., Laamanen, I., Blotiere, C., Mur, J.M., Orthen, B.,Wagner, E., Flaspöler, E. et al., 2009. Expert Forecast on Emerging Chemical Risks Related to Occupational Safety and Health. EU- OSHA (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work), Luxembourg.
Brocal, F., Sebastia´n, M.A., Gonza´lez, C., 2017. Theoretical framework for the new and emerging occupational risk modeling and its monitoring through technology lifecycle of industrial processes. Safety Science 99, 178e186 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.10.016
Brocal, F., Gonza´lez, C., Sebastia´n, M.A., 2018. Technique to identify and characterize new and emerging risks: a new tool for application in manufacturing processes. Submitted to Journal Safety Science, 109, 2018, 144e156 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.05.005
Brocal, F., Sebastián, M. A., & González, C. (2019). Advanced manufacturing processes and technologies. In Management of Emerging Public Health Issues and Risks (pp. 31-64). Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813290-6.00002-0
Fernández, F. B., & Pérez, M. Á. S. (2015). Analysis and modeling of new and emerging occupational risks in the context of advanced manufacturing processes. Procedia Engineering, 100, 1150-1159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.478
Faisal, K., Rathnayaka, S., Ahmed, S., 2015. Methods and models in process safety and risk management: past, present and future. Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 98, 116–147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2015.07.005
Raafat, H. M. N. (1989). Risk assessment and machinery safety. Journal of Occupational Accidents, 11, 37-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-6349(89)90004-7
Suhardi, B., Estianto, A. A. V., & Laksono, P. W. (2016, October). Analysis of potential work accidents using hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control (HIRARC) method. In 2016 2nd International Conference of Industrial, Mechanical, Electrical, and Chemical Engineering (ICIMECE) (pp. 196-200). IEEE. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMECE.2016.7910457
Shaleh, M. K., & Leman, A. M. (2016). Systematic approach for hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control (HIRARC) in workplace according to DOSH guidelines. In International Graduate Conference on Engineering, Science and Humanities.
Altenbach, T. J. (1995). A comparison of risk assessment techniques from qualitative to quantitative.
Embrey, D. (2004). Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of human error in risk assessment. Human factors for engineers, 2, 151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/PBNS032E_ch8
Coleman, M. E., & Marks, H. M. (1999). Qualitative and quantitative risk assessment. Food Control, 10(4-5), 289-297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-7135(99)00052-3
Baek, S. U., Yoon, J. H., & Won, J. U. (2022). Association between Workers’ Anxiety over Technological Automation and Sleep Disturbance: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(16), 10051. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610051
Barroga, K. D., Wabina, V. E. R., & Sales, A. C. (2021). Level of Awareness of Smart Manufacturing Technologies and its Nexus to Adoption among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56899/150.6A.20
Erebak, S., & Turgut, T. (2021). Anxiety about the speed of technological development: Effects on job insecurity, time estimation, and automation level preference. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 32(2), 100419. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2021.100419
Nzioka, J., & Njuguna, R. K. (2017). The impact of training on employee job satisfaction and work motivation in hotels in Kenya. Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 4(2), 209-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47941/jbsm.141
Wilson, H. J., Daugherty, P. R., & Morini-Bianzino, N. (2017). "Preparing for the Future of Work: Addressing the Impact of Automation on Workforce Anxiety." Harvard Business Review
All articles published in our journal are licensed under CC-BY 4.0, which permits authors to retain copyright of their work. This license allows for unrestricted use, sharing, and reproduction of the articles, provided that proper credit is given to the original authors and the source.