00
Days
00
Hrs
00
Min
00
Sec
Submit Your Paper

Assessing Environmental Support as a Predictor of Occupational Engagement among Women Entrepreneurs in Delta Districts

Authors

K. Krishnaveni

Ph.D. Research Scholar Dept. of Business Administration Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002 (India)

Dr. P. Chinnadurai

Associate Professor and Research Supervisor Dept. of Business Administration Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002 (India)

Article Information

DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2026.150700009

Subject Category: Environment

Volume/Issue: 15/7 | Page No: 112-123

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2026-07-19

Accepted: 2026-07-24

Published: 2026-08-05

Abstract

This study examined the influence of environmental support on the occupational engagement of women entrepreneurs in the Delta districts by considering five dimensions of environmental support: physical environment support, social support, economic support, institutional support, and cultural environment support. A descriptive research design was adopted, and primary data were collected from women entrepreneurs using a structured questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was employed to assess the predictive effect of the environmental support dimensions on occupational engagement. The findings revealed that the regression model significantly explained variations in occupational engagement. Among the predictors, institutional support emerged as the strongest determinant, followed by social support. Cultural environment support and physical environment support also exerted significant positive influences on occupational engagement. However, economic support did not have a statistically significant effect. The study concludes that supportive institutional frameworks, strong social networks, and a favourable physical and cultural environment are essential in enhancing the occupational engagement of women entrepreneurs in the Delta districts, while financial support alone may not guarantee higher engagement. The findings provide valuable implications for policymakers, financial institutions, and entrepreneurship development agencies in designing integrated support systems that promote sustainable women entrepreneurship.

Keywords

Environmental Support, Occupational Engagement, Women Entrepreneurs, Institutional Support, Social Support, Delta Districts, Entrepreneurial Development.

Downloads

References

1. Abbasianchavari, A., & Moritz, A. (2021). The impact of role models on entrepreneurial intentions and behavior: A review of the literature. Management Review Quarterly, 71(1), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-019-00179-0 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Ahmed (2025). Empowering women's entrepreneurship: The role of green knowledge, innovation, and family support. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 10(1), 100639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100639 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Al-Dajani, H., & Marlow, S. (2013). Empowerment and entrepreneurship: A theoretical framework. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 19(5), 503–524. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-10-2011-0138 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Arshed, N., Martin, G., & Knox, S. (2023). Ties That Bind or Blind? The Role of Identity and Place in Understanding Women Entrepreneurs' Support Needs. Journal of Small Business Management, 47(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221134786 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Balasundaram, E., Kannan, A. S., & Sudheer, A. K. (2024). Exploring the Moderating Effect of Generational Status on the Link Between External Environment and Entrepreneurial Motivation of Indian Women Entrepreneurs. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective. https://doi.org/10.1177/09722629241244592 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar-Quiñonez, H. R., & Young, S. L. (2018). Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: A primer. Frontiers in Public Health, 6, Article 149. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Botha, M. (2020). Prior entrepreneurial exposure and action of women entrepreneurs: Exploring the moderation effects of entrepreneurial competencies in a developing country context. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 922. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00922 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Brieger, S. A., De Clercq, D., Hessels, J., & Pfeifer, C. (2020). Greater fit and a greater gap: How environmental support for entrepreneurship increases the life satisfaction gap between entrepreneurs and employees. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26(4), 561–594. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-03-2019-0185 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Brush, C. G., de Bruin, A., & Welter, F. (2009). A gender-aware framework for women's entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 8–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/17566260910942318 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Bullough, A., Renko, M., & Myatt, T. (2017). Danger zone entrepreneurs: The importance of resilience and self‐efficacy for entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(5), 757–785. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12286 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Cardella, G. M., Hernández-Sánchez, B. R., & Sánchez-García, J. C. (2020). Women entrepreneurship: A systematic review to outline the boundaries of scientific literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1557. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01557 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Cardella, G. M., Hernández-Sánchez, B. R., & Sánchez-García, J. C. (2020). Entrepreneurship and family role: A systematic review of a growing research. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 2939. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02939 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale development: Theory and applications (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Etikan, I., & Bala, K. (2017). Sampling and sampling methods. Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 5(6), 215–217. https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2017.05.00149 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Gartzia, L., Peña-Legazkue, I., Samsami, M., & Schøtt, T. (2026). The Sustainable Impact of Women Entrepreneurs in Rural Communities. Business & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/00076503261428783 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2022). Multivariate data analysis (9th ed.). Cengage Learning. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Hossain, M. F., Misbauddin, S. M., Hossen, M. A., Nabi, M. N. U., Sakib, M. N., Fahlevi, M., & Aziz, A. L. (2025). Women entrepreneurs for sustainable development: A systematic review of enablers and barriers in emerging economies. Journal of the International Council for Small Business, 7(3), 976–1006. https://doi.org/10.1080/26437015.2025.2538192 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Israel, M. (2015). Research ethics and integrity for social scientists. SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Kanth, D., & Sinha, A. R. (2026). From Intention to Action: Exploring the Path to Sustainable Entrepreneurship Among Women Entrepreneurs. Business Strategy & Development, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70299 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Kiruthika, A., & Geetha, R. (2025). Entwined destinies: Unveiling the mediating role of socio-cultural and economic factors in amplifying the boosting effect of spousal support on women entrepreneurs' success in Tamil Nadu. SAGE Open, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251385876 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Krosnick, J. A., & Presser, S. (2019). Question and questionnaire design. In Handbook of Survey Research (2nd ed.). Emerald Publishing. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Lenz, A. K., Muskat, B., & Peregrino de Brito, R. (2025). Peer support and value creation among women entrepreneurs. Small Business Economics, 65, 1839–1876. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Muñoz, P., & Dimov, D. (2021). What drives ecopreneurship in women and men? A structured literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 280(Part 1), 124336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124336 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Naguib, R., & Barbar, J. (2025). Factors shaping sustainability through female entrepreneurship in the GCC: A systematic review with multi-level and institutional perspective. Sustainability, 17(5), 2163. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052163 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Nair, S. R. (2020). The link between women entrepreneurship, innovation and stakeholder engagement: A review. Journal of Business Research, 119, 283–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.06.038 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Nayaka, M., & Nayak, P. M. (2025). Empowering women in rural India: Characteristics and intentions for sustainable entrepreneurship. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), Article 2461234. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2025.2461234 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. Neneh, B. N. (2022). Entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial engagement: The role of entrepreneurial support and self-efficacy. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 14(5), 944–965. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-07-2020-0258 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. Neumann, T. (2021). The impact of entrepreneurship on economic, social and environmental welfare and its determinants: A systematic review. Management Review Quarterly, 71(3), 553–584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-020-00193-7 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. Oguntoye, O., & Quartey, S. H. (2020). Environmental support programmes for small businesses: A systematic literature review. Business Strategy & Development, 3(3), 304–317. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.96 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. Potluri, S., Ananthram, S., & Phanid, B. V. (2025). Bricolage theorization through Women Green Entrepreneurship: A pathway for managing entrepreneurial resource constraints. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2025.2601168 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

35. Ratinho, T., Amezcua, A., Honig, B., & Zeng, Z. (2020). Supporting entrepreneurs: A systematic review of literature and an agenda for research. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 154, 119956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119956 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

36. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research methods for business students (8th ed.). Pearson Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

37. Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2021). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (9th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

38. Sharma, S., & Upadhyay, P. S. (2025). Impact of work-life balance policies and practices on work engagement of women entrepreneurs. Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management, 10(14s). https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i14s.2398 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

39. Spigel, B. (2017). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12167 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

40. Stam, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: A sympathetic critique. European Planning Studies, 23(9), 1759–1769. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2015.1061484 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

41. Stephan, U., Uhlaner, L. M., & Stride, C. (2015). Institutions and social entrepreneurship: The role of institutional voids, institutional support, and institutional configurations. Journal of International Business Studies, 46(3), 308–331. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.38 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

42. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using Multivariate Statistics (7th ed.). Pearson. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

43. Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbach's alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

44. Tenner, I., & Hörisch, J. (2021). Diversity matters: The influence of gender diversity on the environmental orientation of entrepreneurial ventures. Journal of Business Economics, 91(7), 1005–1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-020-01026-5 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

45. Uebbing, L., Wehner, M. C., Yela Aránega, A., & Guaita Martínez, J. M. (2025). Make it or leave it? An exploration of post-foundation dynamics among female entrepreneurs. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 21, Article 52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-024-01065-2 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

46. Welsh, D. H. B., Kaciak, E., & Shamah, R. (2018). Determinants of women entrepreneurs' firm performance in a hostile environment. Journal of Business Research, 88, 481–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.12.015 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

47. Welsh, D. H. B., Kaciak, E., & Shamah, R. (2020). Women entrepreneurs and work–life interface: The impact of sustainable economies on success. Journal of Business Research, 112, 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.073 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

48. Welsh, D. H. B., Kaciak, E., Memili, E., & Minialai, C. (2018). Business-family interface and the performance of women entrepreneurs: The moderating effect of economic development. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(4), 1041–1064. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0484-3 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

49. Welsh, D. H. B., Memili, E., Kaciak, E., & Ahmed, S. (2013). Sudanese women entrepreneurs: A comparative gender study of entrepreneurial motivations, barriers, and expectations. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 18(2), 1350013. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946713500131 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

50. Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Zheng, K., & Yang, W. (2025). Empowering women's entrepreneurship: The role of green knowledge, innovation, and family support. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 10(1), Article 100639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100639 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles

© 2026 IJLTEMAS · RSIS International. All rights reserved. ISSN 2278-2540.