In the built environment, energy emitted from the earth at specific locations which is produced due to friction between underground flowing water and earth material is termed as Geopathic Stress. It is type of environmental pollution which is harmful to sustainable development of built environment. Built environment consist of houses, roads, footpath, shops, etc. Geopathic Stress was detected by using ancient techniques like dowsing. The confirmation of such zones which are Geopathically stressed is done by using modern techniques like NAAV meter (Light Interference Technique). Mumabi- Pune Expressway has witnessed large number of accidents in recent past. In this paper the relation between occurrences of accidents with presence of geopathic stress on road environment of Munbai- Pune Expressway is established.
- Page(s): 01-04
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- Raviraj R SorateResearch Scholar Sinhgad College of Engineering, Vadgaon and HOD Civil Department Sinhagd Academy of Engineering Saitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra, India.
- Avinash G KharatProfessor, JSPMS Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra, India
- Mayur ShivshetteStudents, Civil Department Sinhagd Academy of Engineering,Kondhwa, Saitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra,India.
- Aditya DesaiStudents, Civil Department Sinhagd Academy of Engineering,Kondhwa, Saitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra,India.
- Monali NandgudeStudents, Civil Department Sinhagd Academy of Engineering,Kondhwa, Saitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra,India.
- Pranita EkalStudents, Civil Department Sinhagd Academy of Engineering,Kondhwa, Saitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra,India.
- Prashant SontakkeStudents, Civil Department Sinhagd Academy of Engineering,Kondhwa, Saitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra,India.
References
[1]. Kharat, A.G. (2000),“Theoretical and Empirical Investigations on Built Environment”, Ph.D thesis. Relator: Pune University, India. [2]. Agrawal, V.K. (2004), “The invisible forces and our health”, In Proc. International conference, Vastu Panorama 2004, Feb, Indore, India, pp 1 – 5. [3]. Dharmadhikari, N., Kharat, A.G. and Pimplikar, S. (2010), “A Study of Geopathic Stress using light interface techniques”, Research Communications – Current Science, Vol. 98, No 5, PP 695-697. [4]. Dharmadhikari, N., A.P. Rao, and Pimplikar, S. (2011), “Effect of Geopathic Stress on human heart rate and blood pressure”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No 1, PP 54-57. [5]. Pimplikar S.S (2011),“ Empirical and Theoretical Investigations of accidents on expressways and national highways”, Ph.D thesis. Relator: Pune University, India. [6]. Dharmadhikari, N., Kharat, A.G. and Pimplikar, S. (2010), “A Study of Geopathic Stress using light interface techniques”, Research Communications – Current Science, Vol. 98, No 5, PP 695-697. [7]. Hacker,G.W, Geopathic stress zones and their influence on the human organism, Proceedings of the Druskininskai congress on „Earth‟s Fields and Their Influence on Human Beings‟.2008;pp 8-17. [8]. Hacker GW (2005) “Biomedical Evidence of Influence of Geopathic Zones on the Human Body”: In: Scientifically Traceable Effects and Ways of Harmonization, Forsch Komplementärmed Klass Naturheilkd Karger. pp: 315-327. [9]. Dharmadhikari, N., D.C.Meshram, S.D.Kulkarni, Kharat, A.G., Sorate, R.R. and Pimplikar, S.S., (2011), “Use of Dowsing and Geo-Resistivity meter For Detection of Geopathic Stress Zone”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), Vol.1, Issue.2, pp-609-614. [10]. Chafekar, B.H., Jarad, G.P., Pimplikar, S.S., Dharmadhikari, N.P., Kharat, A.G., Sorate, R.R., “Effect of Geopathic Stress on Pavement Distresses”, IOSR Journal of Mechanical & Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) PP: 01-08. [11]. Sorate, R.R., Kharat, A.G., Dharmadhikari, N.P. and Suneeta Bhagwat, “Effect of Geopathic Stress Zone on Soil Properties”, Elixir Geoscience 54C (2013) 12365-12367. [12]. Sorate, R.R., Kharat, A.G., Dharmadhikari, N.P., Pimplikar, S.S., Girish Narang, Dheeraj Deshmukh, Sunita Bhagwat and Snehal Sorate, “Geopathic Stress Aspect for Sustainable Development of Built Environment”, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2012
Raviraj R Sorate, Avinash G Kharat, Mayur Shivshette, Aditya Desai, Monali Nandgude, Pranita Ekal, Prashant Sontakke "Geopathic Stress: Parameter for the Occurrence of Accidents" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 5, pp.01-04 2015
During economic recession several companies face a dangerous period and also during this period some companies are growing by shoplifting share from others. Companies are finding their way to re-power & re-energize their strategies. In the competitive dynamic market, marinating and building strong relationship with customers is essential for long term business endurance. Businesses are now being anxious to place their clients at the heart of all of their activities and to rethink their entire sales and marketing strategies. Many companies have invested heavily in technologies enabling a customer-focused relationship marketing strategy. Currently, firms are applying Customer Relationship Management (CRM) to facilitate the maintenance of this relationship. CRM tool provides a method of maximizing existing customer resource as well as adding value from the customers’ perception. This paper provides a holistic view of CRM from both a business and a technology perspective. .
- Page(s): 05-07
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- Dr. Manoranjan DashAsst.Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar
- Dr. Jyoti Ranjan DasAssociate Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar
- Dr. Ayasa Kanta MohantyAssociate Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar
References
[1] D. Adebanjo (2003). Classifying and selecting e-CRM applications:an analysis-based proposal. Management Decision, Vol 41, No 6, pp.570 – 577. [2] D. Luck and G. Lancaster (2003). E-CRM: customer relationship marketing in the hotel industry. Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 18, No 3, pp. 213 – 231 [3] Christopher, M. et al., (1993). Relationship marketing: bringing quality, customer service and marketing together. Oxford: Butterworth- Heinmann, [4] Brown, Stanley A. (2000) Customer Relationship Management: A Strategic Imperative in the World of e-Business. John Wiley & Sons Canada Limited. Etobicoke, Ontario. [5] Galbreath, J. – Rogers, T. (1999) Customer relationship leadership: A leadership and motivation model for twenty-first century business. The TQM Magazine. Vol. 11, No. 3. pp. 161-171 [6] Greenberg, Paul (2001) CRM at the speed of light. Osborne/McGraw-Hill. Berkeley, CA [7] Voss, G.B. – Voss, Z.G. (1997) Implementing a relationship marketing program: a case study and managerial implications. Journal of Services Marketing. Vol. 11, No. 4. pp. 278- [8] A. Parvatiyar and J. N. Sheth (2001). Customer relationship management: emerging practice, process, and discipline. Journal of Economic and Social Research, Vol. 3, No 2, pp. 1 – 34. [9] C. Stefanou, C. Sarmaniotis and A. Stafyla (2003). CRM and customer-centric knowledge management: an empirical research. Journal of Business Process Management, Vol 9, No 5, pp. 617 – 634. [10] Romano,N.C. Fjermestad,J (2002), Electronic Commerce customer relationship management: An assessment of research” ,International Journal of E-Commerce pp.61-113 [11] www.crm2day.com [12] McKenna, R. (1991). Relationship Marketing: Successful Strategies for the Age of the Customer. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. [13] Shani, D. & Chalsani, S. (1992). Exploiting niches using relationship marketing. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 9(3): 33-42. [14] Dyche, J. „The CRM Handbook: A Business Guide to CRM.
Dr. Manoranjan Dash, Dr. Jyoti Ranjan Das, Dr. Ayasa Kanta Mohanty"CRM and Data Mining: A Strategic Imperative in the Business" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 5, pp.05-07 2015
TGSx P1-x binary mixed crystals were grown from an aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. The grown crystals were characterized structurally and chemically by taking XRD, EDAX, FTIR, density and Vicker’s microhardness measurement. The XRD data shown that the mixed crystals belong to monoclinic structure. The composition of the mixed crystals was determined using the measured density. Vicker’s hardness number was determined from the microhardness data. Work hardening coefficient and the Bulk modulus of all the grown crystals were determined from the hardness value. The work hardening coefficient values shown that all the mixed crystals belong to hard materials category.
- Page(s): 08-10
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- V.S. ShalilDepartment of Basic Engineering, Cape Polytechnic College, Aralvoimozhi, Tamilnadu, India.
- T.H. FreedaPhysics Research Centre, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India.
- N. Neelakanda PillaiDepartment of Physics, Arignar Anna College, Aralvoimozhi, Tamilnadu, India.
References
[1] N. Nakatani, JPn. J. Appl. Phy. 29(1990) 2774. [2] G. Ravi, S. Anbu Kumar, P. Rama Samy, Mat. Chem. Phys. 37 (1994) 180. [3] Armington. A.F. Posen. H and Lipson. H 1973. J. Electronic Mater. 2. 127. [4] Chin, G.Y. Van Uitert L.G, Green M.L, Zydzik. G.J. and Kometani. T.Y. 1973. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 56, 369. [5] V.S. Shali, T.H. Freeda and N. Neelakanda Pillai, ijltemas. 4(2015) 26. [6] S. Anbu Kumar, S. Vasudevan and P. Ramasamy (1986) J. Mater. Scie, Lett. 5, 223. [7] S. Sengupta and S.P. Sengupta (1992). Bull. Mater. Sci. 15, 335. [8] T.S. Jayanthi and N. Neelakanda Pillai, ijltemas. 3(2014) 28. [9] U.V. Suba Rao, India J. Phys, 54A(1980) 147. [10] C.W.A. Newly, Trans Br. Ceram. Soc, 62(1963) 739. [11] Sirdeshmukh, D.B. and Srinivas. K. (1986), J. Mater. Scie. 21. 4117. [12] Haribabu. V. and Subha Roa U.V. (1984), Prog. Crystal Growth & Charac. 18. 189. [13] E.M. Onitsch, Mikroscopia 2(1947) 131.
V.S. Shali, T.H. Freeda and N. Neelakanda Pillai "Mechanical Properties of TGSx P1-x Single Crystals " International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 5, pp. 08-10 2015
Software quality degenerates over time due to various reasons like software ageing, inconsistent design and improper requirement analysis during early stages of software development. Bad code smell is an indication of the persistent deeper problem that may exist. Bad Code smells are neither bugs nor technically incorrect and hence do not prevent the software from normal functioning. Refactoring is the term used to describe the process of removing the bad code. This paper throws light on bad code smell and detection techniques available. The paper is divided in three sections: first we introduce code smells and methods to detect them, and then we review of various studies conducted on these bad code smells. Finally we will describe the results and discuss them.
- Page(s): 11-13
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- I M Umesh Research Scholar, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu
- Dr. G N SrinivasanDepartment of Information Science & Engineering, R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka
References
I M Umesh, Dr. G N Srinivasan "A Study on Bad Code Smell " International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 5, pp.11-13 2015
This study is conducted purely based on secondary data obtained through website of the specified private industry. By using the ratio analysis tool we can analyze the performance of both the steel industries in India and we can easily find out the strength and weakness of the companies and their position in the market. Different ratios are used in this study and particularly those which are related to the financial statement for this purpose balance sheet of year 2009-2014 of both the industries are used and from then ratios are calculated so according to which we can easily compare the company performance and tell which company grows faster and whose position is better than the other one. After comparing the financial position it is clear that position of Tata steels is much better than the Jindal steels.
- Page(s): 14-21
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- Varun KesavanAssistant Professor, Guruvayurappan Institute of Management, Coimbatore
References
[1]. C. Jeevanandam (1st Ed.), “Management Accounting and Financial Management”, Sultan Chand & Sons, ISBN-81-8054-013-8. 4. 2. [2]. Chandra Prasanna (6th ED.),“Financial Management”, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi. ISBN-0-07-058548-2. [3]. Pandey I.M.(8th ED.), “Financial Management”, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., ISBN-81-259-0638-X. [4]. “Dr. Vivek Sinha” “A comparative Study of Financial Performance of TATA Steel & SAIL Ltd.” “International Journal of Reviews Surveys and Research (IJRSR)”. ISSN 23194618 – V2/ 1M11 – 012013. [5]. “Manish Roy Tirkey1” and Mustafa Osamah2. “Ratio Analysis used to compare the performance of Tata Steel and Jindal Steel.” “IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR – JBM).” “V – 13, Issue – 5, PP – 65 – 69). [6]. Websites 1. www.tatasteel.com 2. www.jsw.in 3. www.moneycontrol.com 4. www.companiesinindia.net/top10-steel-companies-in-india.html.
Varun Kesavan "A Comparative Study on Financial Performance of Tata Steel Ltd and JSW Steels Ltd" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 5, pp.14-21 2015
The present work is to study the effect of MHD flow and heat transfer within a boundary layer flow on an upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid over a stretching sheet. The fluid is assumed to be gray, emitting and absorbing radiation but non scattering medium. The governing boundary layer equations of motion and heat transfer are non-dimensional, by using appropriate similarity variables it changes into the, ordinary differential equations. Thes ODE solved numerically by shooting technique with fourth order Runge–Kutta method. For a UCM fluid, a thinning of the boundary layer and a drop in wall skin friction coefficient is predicted to occur for higher the elastic number. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of Maxwell parameter β, magnetic parameter M and Prandtl number Pr on the temperature field above the sheet.
- Page(s): 22-30
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- Priya MathurPoornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur.
- A.JhaJECRC University, Jaipur.
- A.SharmaRajasthan University, Jaipur
References
[1] K. Hiemenz(1911) Die Grenzschicht an einem in dengleichformingen Flussigkeitsstrmeinge-tauchtengradenKrei szylinder‖, Dinglers Polytech. J., 326, pp 321 – 324. [2] Raptis, A. and Soundalgekar, V. M. (1984): MHD flow past a steadily moving infinite vertical porous plate with mass transfer and constant heat flux, ZAMM Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 127-130. [3] Xu H, Liao SJ (2005) Analytic solutions of magnetohydrodynamic flows of non-Newtonian fluids caused by an impulsively stretching plate. J Non-Newton Fluid Mech; 159:46–55. [4] N. Senapati, R. K. Dhal and T. K. Das(2012) Effects of Chemical Reaction on Free Convection MHD Flow through Porous Medium Bounded by Vertical Surface with Slip Flow Region‖ American Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 2(3): 124-135 DOI: 10.5923/j.ajcam.20120203.10 [5] R. Alireza, M. Farzaneh-Gord, S. R Varedi, and D.D. Ganji (2013)Analytical Solution for Magnetohydrodynamic Stagnation Point Flow and Heat Transfer over a Permeable Stretching Sheet with Chemical Reaction, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 51, (3),pp 675-686, Warsaw [6] E. M Arthur and Y. I. Seini,(2014)MHD Thermal Stagnation Point Flow towards a Stretching Porous Surface‖, Mathematical Theory and Modeling, 4(5), pp 163-169 [7] Crane LJ (1970) Flow past a stretching plate. Z Angew Math Phys 21:645–647 [8] Gupta PS, Gupta AS (1977) Heat and mass transfer on a stretching sheet with suction or blowing. Can J Chem Eng 55:744–746 [9] Chen CK, Char MI (1988) Heat transfer of a continuous stretching surface with suction or blowing. J Math Anal Appl 135:568–580 [10] Datta BK, Roy P, Gupta AS (1985) Temperature field in the flow over a stretching sheet with uniform heat flux. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf 12:89–94 [11] Ishak A, Nazar R, Pop I (2006) Mixed convection boundary layers in the stagnation-point flow toward a stretching vertical sheet. Meccanica 41:509–518 [12] Ishak A, Nazar R, Pop I (2007) Mixed convection on the stagnation point flow towards a vertical, continuously stretching sheet. ASME J Heat Transfer 129:1087–1090 [13] Ishak A, Nazar R, Pop I (2008) Mixed convection stagnation point flow of a micropolar fluid towards a stretching sheet. Meccanica 43:411–418 [14] Ishak A, Nazar R, Pop I (2009) Boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an unsteady stretching vertical surface.Meccanica 44:369–375. [15] Boutros YZ, Abd-el-Malek MB, Badran NA, Hassan HS(2006) Lie-group method of solution for steady two dimensional boundary-layer stagnation-point flow towards a heated stretching sheet placed in a porous medium. Meccanica 41:681–69111 [16] Mahapatra TR, Dholey S, Gupta AS (2007) Momentum and heat transfer in the magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow of a viscoelastic fluid toward a stretching surface. Meccanica 42:263–272 [17] Pal D (2009) Heat and mass transfer in stagnation-point flow towards a stretching surface in the presence of buoyancy force and thermal radiation. Meccanica 44:145–158. [18] Pal D, Hiremath PS (2010) Computational modeling of heat transfer over an unsteady stretching surface embedded in a porous medium. Meccanica 45:415–424. [19] B. Gebhart,(1962 )“Effects of viscous dissipation in natural convection,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 14, pp. 225–232. [20] M.Q. Brewster (1992) Thermal Radiation Transfer Properties, John Wiley & Sons, New York, [21] S. R. Pop, T. Grosan, and I. Pop(2004)Radiation effects on the flow near the stagnation point of a stretching sheet‖, Tech. Mech., Band 25. Heft 2, pp 100 – 106. [22] Abdelkhalek MM(2007)Thermal radiation effects on Hydromagnetic flow. CAMES ; 14(3):471–84. [23] Paresh Vyas and Ashutosh Ranjan(2010) Discussed the dissipative MHD boundary- layer flow in a porous medium over a sheet stretching nonlinearly in the presence of radiation, Applied Mathematical Sciences, 4(63), 3133 - 3142. [24] J. Zhu, L.C. Zheng, and X.X. Zhang,”The influence of thermal radiation on MHD stagnation point flow past a stretching sheet with heat generation”, Acta. Mech. Sin., 27(4), 2011, pp 502 –50 [25] P. Vyas and N. Srivastava(2012) “On dissipative radiative MHD boundary layer flow in a porous medium over a non-isothermal stretching sheet,” Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, vol. 5, no.4, pp. 23–31. [26] Sadeghy K, Najafi AH, Saffaripour M (2005) flow of an upper convected Maxwell fluid. Int J Non-Linear Mech 40:1220–1228 [27] Hayat T, Abbas Z, Sajid M (2006) Series solution for the upper-convected Maxwell fluid over a porous stretching plate. Phys Lett A 358:396–403 [28] Sadeghy K, Hajibeygi H, Taghavi S-M (2006) Stagnation point flow of upper-convected Maxwell fluids. Int J Non-Linear Mech 41:1242–1247 [29] Alizadeh-Pahlavan A, Sadeghy K (2009) On the use of homotopy analysis method for solving unsteady MHD flow of Maxwellian fluids above impulsively stretching sheets. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul 14(4):1355–1365
Priya Mathur, A.Jha, A.Sharma "Effect of Radiation on Upper Convected Maxwell Fluid Flow over a Stretching Sheet" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering,Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 5, pp.22-30 2015
In today’s world the password security is very important. For password protection various techniques are available. Cued Click Points are a click-based graphical password scheme, a cued-recall graphical password technique. Users Click on one point per image for a sequence of images. The next image is based on the previous click-point. The passwords which are easy to memorize are chosen by the users and it becomes easy for attackers to guess it, but the passwords assigned by the strong system are difficult for users to remember. In this paper, we focus on the evaluation of graphical password authentication system using Cued Click Points, including usability and security. In this authentication system, our usability goal is to support the users in selecting better passwords, thus increases the security by expanding the effective password space. The emergence of hotspots is mainly because of poorly chosen passwords. Thus click-based graphical passwords encourage users to select more random, and hence more complex to guess, click-points.
- Page(s): 31-33
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- S.GeethaCSE, Saranathan College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India
- V.RanjaniCSE, Saranathan College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India
- S.GowthamiCSE, Saranathan College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India
- R.SelvarathiCSE, Saranathan College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India
References
[1]. Sonia Chiasson, Elizabeth Stobert, Alain Forget, Robert Biddle, P. C. van Oorschot, "Persuasive Cued Click-Points: Design, implementation, and evaluation of a knowledge-based authentication mechanism", IEEE Trans, Vol 9, Issue 2. [2]. S. Chiasson, P. van Oorschot, and R. Biddle, “Graphical password authentication using Cued Click Points,” in European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS), LNCS 4734, September 2007. [3]. A. Jain, A. Ross, and S. Pankanti, “Biometrics: a tool for information security,” Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS), vol. 1, no. 2. [4]. D. Nelson, V. Reed, and J. Walling, “Pictorial Superiority Effect,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, vol. 2, no. 5. [5]. A. De Angeli, L. Coventry, G. Johnson, and K. Renaud, “Is a picture really worth a thousand words? Exploring the feasibility of graphical authentication systems,” International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 63. [6]. E. Tulving and Z. Pearlstone, “Availability versus accessibility of information in memory for words,” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, vol. 5. [7]. S.Wiedenbeck, J.Waters, J. Birget, A. Brodskiy, and N. Memon, “PassPoints: Design and longitudinal evaluation of a graphical password system,” International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 63. [8]. Birget, J.C., D. Hong, and N. Memon. “Graphical Passwords Based on Robust Discretization.” IEEE Trans. Info. Forensics and Security, 1(3), September 2006. [9]. Dirik, A.E., N. Menon, and J.C Birget. “Modeling user choice in the PassPoints graphical password scheme”. ACM SOUPS, 2007. [10]. Thorpe, J. and P.C. van Oorschot. “Human-Seeded Attacks and Exploiting HotSpots in Graphical Passwords.” 16th USENIX Security Symposium, 2007.
S.Geetha, V.Ranjani, S.Gowthami, R.Selvarathi "Click-Based Graphical Password Scheme Using Cued Clicks" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering,Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 5, pp.31-33 2015
Digital Multimedia contents like text, image, audio and video are widely used and are very easy to transmit over the Internet, and hence the copyright protection has been receiving and increasing attention these days. Other than copyright protection Digital Watermarking is now used for Digital Marketing and promotional Services. A Static Promotional media is now can be made highly productive Dynamic Promotional medium by using Digital watermarking. This work incorporate the detail study watermarking definition, concept and the main contributions in this field such as categories of watermarking process that tell which watermarking method should be used. This work provides evidence that digital watermarking techniques are of growing interest and are of fast popularity.
- Page(s): 34-37
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- Rahul SaxenaShriram College of Engineering & Management, Gwalior, India
- Nirupma TiwariSuresh Gyanvihar University, Jaipur, India
- Manoj Kumar RamaiyaSuresh Gyanvihar University, Jaipur, India
References
[1] R.G. Schyndel, A. Tirkel and C. F. Osborne, A Digital Watermark, Proceedings of IEEE International conference on Image Processing, pp. 86-90, (1994). [2] X.Y. Luo, D.S. Wang, P. Wang, F.L. Liu, A review on blind detection for image steganography, Signal Process. 88 (2008) 2138–2157. [3] Z. Yong, L.L. Cai, L.Q. Shen, J.Z. Tao, A blind watermarking algorithm based on block DCT for dual colour images, in: 2009 Second International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security, 2009, pp. 213–217. [4] Nirupma Tiwari, Manoj Kumar Ramaiya, Monika Sharma ―Digital Watermarking using DWT and DES‖2013 3rd IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC). [5] QingtangSua, YugangNiub, XianxiLiuc and Tao Yaoa, A novel blind digital watermarking algorithm for embedding colour image into colour image, Optik Elsevier B., Vol. 124, pp.3254– 3259, (2012). [6] Metkar, S.P. ; Lichade, M.V., Digital image security improvement by integrating watermarking and encryption technique, Signal Processing, Computing and Control (ISPCC), 2013 IEEE International Conference, pp. 1-6. [7] Manoj Ramaiya, Naveen Hemrajani, Anil kishor Saxena ―Secured Steganography approach by using AES‖ International Journal of Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology Research (IJCSEITR) ISSN 2249-6831Vol. 3, Issue 3, Aug 2013, 185-192. [8] Prabhishek Singh,R S Chadha, ― A Survey of Digital Watermarking Techniques, Applications and Attacks, nternational Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)Volume 2, Issue 9, March 2013. [9] Nidaa A. Abbas, ―Image watermark detection techniques using quadtrees‖, Applied Computing and Informatics, August 2014. [10] Pragya Jain, Anand S. Rajawat, ―Fragile Watermarking for Image Authentication: Survey‖, International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering,ISSN- 2277-1956.
Rahul Saxena, Nirupma Tiwari, Manoj Kumar Ramaiya "A Survey Work on Digital Watermarking" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering,Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 5, pp.34-37 2015
The present study emphasises the importance of geothermal exploration in Gujarat using integrated geological and geophysical techniques. A case example from Unai (20o 51’ N and 73o 24’ E) is presented here, which is a potential geothermal site identified by the authors of this paper. The proximal hinterlands juxtaposed to linear quaternary basins with fault bounded contacts, have anomalous crustal structure with high density mantle derived bodies. This is emplaced at shallow crustal levels reflecting high gravity anomalies. The hinterland domain is further characterized by high heat flow with thermal spring (54oC temperature). The Magnetotelluric Survey carried out in this region suggests intense hydro-technical activity. This renders the area prone to geothermal activity warranting multi-disciplinary evaluation. Geochemical sampling of thermal spring water was carried out, which shows low level of carbonate and bi-carbonate component in water samples. It suggests that source of water is deep seated under the trapean flows. Attempts are made to connect shallow and deep reservoirs and a unified fluid flow model has been presented.
- Page(s): 38-47
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- Shreya SahajpalSchool of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- Anirbid SircarSchool of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- Anjali SinghSchool of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- Dwijen VaidyaSchool of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- Manan ShahSchool of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- Shubhra DhaleSchool of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
References
[1] Biswas S. K., 1987., “Regional tectonic framework, structure and evolution of the western marginal basins of India”, Tectonophysics Vol. 135, pp 307-327. [2] Biswas S. K., 1988., “Structure of the western continental margin of India and related activity in Deccan flood basalt”, Memoir Geological Society of India, Vol. 10, pp.371-390. [3] Chandrasekharam D., 2005., “Geothermal energy resources of India: past and the present”, World Geothermal Congress 2005, pp. 1-9. [4] Constable, S.C., and Parker R.L., 1987., “A practical algorithm for generating smooth models from electromagnetic sounding data”, Geophysics, Vol. 52, pp.289-300. [5] Gupta H., and Roy S., 2007., “Geothermal Energy - An Alternative Resource for the 21st Century.”Elsevier UK, pp. 1- 271. [6] Krishnamurthy R. V. And Bhattacharya, S.K, 1991, “Stable oxygern and hydrogen isotope ratios in shallow ground waters from India and a study of the role of evapotranspiration in the Indian monsoon”. In Taylor H., O’Neil J, and Kaplan I., (Ed.), Isotope Geochemistry: A Tribute to Samuel Epstem, Geochemical Society, Texas, Special Publication, pp. 187-193. [7] Merh S., 1995., “Geology of Gujarat”., Geological society of India. [8] PBG report., 2014., “2D Magnetotelluric survey for four locations for geothermal exploration namely (No. of MT soundings) Unai (66), Gandhar (66) and Dholera (66) (Excluding Tulsishyam, Tuwa and Chabsar),” Exploration geophysics service. Poland, pp. 1-24. (Unpublished Report) [9] Rodi W., Mackie R.L., 2001., “Nonlinear conjugate gradients algorithm for 2-D magnetotelluric inversion”, Geophysics, Vol. 66, No. 1 (January-February), pp.174–187. [10] Sharma N., 2013., “Physico–chemical characterization of the thermal spring waters occurring in Gujarat, India”, pp.1-16. (Unpublished Report) [11] Srinivas Y., Raj S. A., Hudson O.D., Muthuraj D., Chandrasekar N., 2012., “Geoelectrical inversion and evaluation of lithology based on optimized Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)”, Stud. Geophys. Geod., Vol. 57, pp. 1-15. [12] Telford W M., Geldart L.P., Sheriff R.E., 1988., “Applied Geophysics”, Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 1-769. [13] Vozoff K., 1991., “The magnetotelluric method”, Centre for Geophysical Exploration Research Macquarie University, Sydney, pp. 641-709.
Shreya Sahajpal, Anirbid Sircar, Anjali Singh, Dwijen Vaidya, Manan Shah, Shubhra Dhale "Geothermal Exploration in Gujarat: Case Study from Unai" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 5, pp.38-47 2015
In this paper a new hybrid tri-rect slotted micro-strip patch antenna operating at 5.1 GHz is proposed. An aperture coupling technique is used to check the performance of proposed antenna. This antenna seems to be useful for C-band application. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using Ansoft HFSS software.
- Page(s): 48-50
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- Ruchi SinghalM.Tech Student, Dept. of ECE, Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- O.P SharmaProfessor, Dept. of ECE, Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
References
[1] John D Kraus, Ronald J Marhefka, Ahmad S Khan, “Antenna& Wave Propagation,” Fourth edition, TMH India, 2007. [2] Rani and R.K. Dawre, “Design and Analysis of Rectangularand U Slotted Microstrip Patch for Satellite Communication”,International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol-12,No.7, June 2010. [3] Jia-Yi Sze and Kin-Lu Wong, “Slotted RectangularMicrostip Antenna for Bandwidth Enhancement,” IEEEtransactions on antennas and propagation, Vol.48, No.8August 2000. [4] Constantine A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory: Analysis Design,”Third edition John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2005. [5] [5]. S.D. Targonski, R.B. Waterhouse, D.M.Pozar, “Designof Wide-Band Aperture-Stacked Patch Microstrip Antennas,”IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, VOL. 46,NO. 9, September 1998. [6] D.M. Pozar, “Microstrip Antennas,” Proc. IEEE, Vol.80,No.1, pp. 79-81, January 1992. [7] Sudhir Bhaskar and Sachin Kumar Gupta, “BandwidthImprovement of Microstrip Patch Antenna using H-ShapedPatch,” IJERA,Vol.2, Issue 1, January-February 2012. [8] Aruna Rani and R.K. Dawre, “Design and Analysis ofRectangular and U slotted Microstrip Patch usingOptimization Program in Java for UHF Application,” IJCA,Vol. 5, No.5, June 2010. [9] S. Azzaz-Rahmani and N. Boukli-Hacene, “Ultra-Wide-Band Microstrip Concentric Annular Ring Antenna forWireless Communications,” IJCSI, Vol.9, Issue1, No2,January 2012. [10] Kin-Lu Wong, “Compact and Broadband MicrostripAntennas,” John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2002. [11] Tapan Nahar and O.P Sharma, “A Modified Multiband BowTie Antenna Array used for L band Applications” IJERT,ISSN: 2278-0181, Vol. 3 Issue 11, November 2014 [12] K. L.Wong and K. P. Yang, “Modified Planar Inverted FAntenna,” Electron. Letter 34, 6–7, January 8, 1998. [13] C.S.Patil, P.S. Patil, M.U. Birare, “Dual Feed TriangularSlotted Microstrip Patch Antenna,” IJAREEIE, Vol. 2, Issue10, October 2013.
Ruchi Singhal, O.P Sharma "Bandwidth Enhancement of Hybrid Tri-Rect Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 5, pp.48-50 2015
Mobile Ad hoc Web (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that vibrantly form a web temporarily lacking each prop of central administration. Moreover, Every single node in MANET moves arbitrarily making the multi-hop web topology to change randomly at unpredictable times. There are countless acquainted routing protocols like DSDV, AODV, DSR, etc… that have been counseled for bestowing contact amid all the nodes in the network. This paper presents a presentation analogy of proactive and reactive protocols DSDV, AODV and DSR established on metrics such as throughput, packet transport ratio and average end-to-end stay by employing the NS-2 simulator.
- Page(s): 51-61
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- Anand Kumar Jha A.P.in ECE, Satya College of Engineering & Technoloogy, Palwal, Haryana, India
- Raman Kumar Sethi M.Tech. Student( ECE), Satya College of Engineering & Technoloogy, Palwal, Haryana, India
References
[1]. Kiwior, D.; Lam, Lucas,"Routing Protocol Performance over Intermittent Links",IEEE,Military Communications Conference, 2007. MILCOM 2007. IEEE,2007 [2]. Orwat, M.E.; Levin, T.E.; Irvine, C.E.,"An Ontological Approach to Secure MANET Management",IEEE,Availability, Reliability and Security, 2008. ARES 08. Third International Conference on,2008 [3]. Moursy, A.; Ajbar, I.; Perkins, D.; Bayoumi, M.,"Empirical model-based adaptive control of MANETs",IEEE,INFOCOM Workshops 2008, IEEE,2008 [4]. Saeed, N.H.; Abbod, M.F.; Al-Raweshidy, H.S.; Raoof, O.,"Intelligent MANET routing optimizer",IEEE,Broadband Communications, Networks and Systems, 2008. BROADNETS 2008. 5th International Conference on,2008 [5]. Kim, Sang-Chul; Chung, Jong-Moon,"Analysis of link error effects in MANET address autoconfiguration protocols",IEEE,Communications and Networks, Journal of,2009 [6]. Bin-Wen Chuang; Jenn-Hwan Tarng; Lin, J.; Wang, C.,"System development and performance investigation of mobile ad-hoc networks in vehicular environments",IEEE,Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2005. Proceedings. IEEE,2005 [7]. Saeed, N.H.; Abbod, M.F.; Al-Raweshidy, H.S.,"Intelligent MANET Routing System",IEEE,Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops, 2008. AINAW 2008. 22nd International Conference on,2008 [8]. Hinds, A.; Sotiriadis, S.; Bessis, N.; Antonopoulos, N.,"Performance Evaluation of Security Algorithms for the AODV MANET Routing Protocol",IEEE,Emerging Intelligent Data and Web Technologies (EIDWT), 20[57]2 Third International Conference on,20[58]2 [9]. Hamrioui, S.; Lalam, M.,"IB-MAC: Improvement of the backoff algorithm for better MAC - TCP protocols interactions in MANET",IEEE,Programming and Systems (ISPS), 20[61][62] [63]0th International Symposium on,20[64][65] [10]. Arora, D.; Millman, E.; Neville, S.W.,"Jamming Strategies in DYMO MANETs: Assessing Detectability and Operational Impacts",IEEE,Broadband, Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA), 20[67]2 Seventh International Conference on,20[68]2 [11]. Cano, J.; Cano, J.-C.; Chai Keong Toh; Calafate, C.T.; Manzoni, P.,"EasyMANET: an extensible and configurable platform for service provisioning in MANET environments",IEEE,Communications Magazine, IEEE,20[70]0 [12]. Sanchez-Iborra, R.; Cano, M.-D.; Garcia-Haro, J.,"Performance Evaluation of BATMAN Routing Protocol for VoIP Services: A QoE Perspective",IEEE,Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on,20[72]4 [13]. Spagnolo, P.A.; Henderson, T.R.,"Comparison of Proposed Ospf Manet Extensions",IEEE,Military Communications Conference, 2006. MILCOM 2006. IEEE,2006 [14]. Stine, J.A.,"Cross-Layer Design of MANETs: The Only Option",IEEE,Military Communications Conference, 2006. MILCOM 2006. IEEE,2006 [15]. Ben Rhaiem, O.; Chaari Fourati, L.,"Routing protocols performance analysis for scalable video coding (SVC) transmission over mobile ad-hoc networks",IEEE,Signal and Image Processing Applications (ICSIPA), 20[76]3 IEEE International Conference on,20[77]3 [16]. Arora, D.; Millman, E.; Neville, S.W.,"On the statistical behaviors of network-level features within MANETs",IEEE,Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 20[79][80] IEEE 22nd International Symposium on,20[81][82] [17]. Comparetto, G.; Marshall, J.; Mirhakkak, M.; Schult, N.; Schwartz, J.; Zhang, K.; DiOrio, D.; Thai, S.,"Quantifying network performance of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks",IEEE,Military Communications Conference, 2008. MILCOM 2008. IEEE,2008 [18]. Del Duca Almeida, V.; Oliveira, A.B.; Macedo, D.F.; Nogueira, J.M.S.,"Performance evaluation of MANET and DTN routing protocols",IEEE,Wireless Days (WD), 20[85]2 IFIP,20[86]2 [19]. Saeed, N.H.; Abbod, M.F.; Sulaiman, T.H.; Al-Raweshidy, H.S.; Kurdi, H.,"Intelligent MANET Routing Protocol Selector",IEEE,Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies, 2008. NGMAST '08. The Second International Conference on,2008 [20]. Wang Bei-Zhan; Wang Ya-ping; Wang Wei; Lou RunYu,"Inference of Wireless Link Performance in MANET",IEEE,Convergence Information Technology, 2007. International Conference on,2007 [21]. Saeed, N.H.; Abbod, M.F.; Al-Raweshidy, H.S.,"IMAN: An Intelligent MANET routing system",IEEE,Telecommunications (ICT), 20[90]0 IEEE 7th International Conference on,20[92]0 [22]. Sarkar, N.I.; Lol, W.G.,"A study of MANET routing protocols: Joint node density, packet length and mobility",IEEE,Computers and Communications (ISCC), 20[94]0 IEEE Symposium on,20[95]0 [23]. Bansal, A.; Singh, M.,"Enhancing MANET's performance: A transport layer solution",IEEE,Parallel Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC), 20[97]2 2nd IEEE International Conference on,20[98]2 [24]. Wang Wei; Cai Wan-Dong; Wang Bei-Zhan; Wang Ya-ping; Tian Guang-Li,"The Factor Graph Approach for Inferring Link Loss in MANET",IEEE,Internet Computing in Science and Engineering, 2008. ICICSE '08. International Conference on,2008
Anand Kumar Jha, Raman Kumar Sethi "Recent Advances in Routing with AODV, DSR, DSDV Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 6, pp.51-61 2015
This paper presents the design of multiband RFID Tag antenna. One of the prevailing trends in modern wireless devices is continuing decrease in physical size of the antenna. So the design challenge is getting the small size antenna that has a good efficiency and radiation. The use of fractal patterns in antenna design provides the simple and efficient method for obtaining the desired compactness and multiband operation. Several properties of the proposed antenna for multiband operation will be investigated which include the return loss, radiation pattern and gain by using the Software HFSS (High Frequency Structural Simulator).
- Page(s): 62-65
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- Ms.K.VasanthiPG Scholar(Communication systems/ECE Department) G.K.M. College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Mrs.B.RajalakshmiAssistant Professor(ECE Department) G.K.M. College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
References
[1] Abubeker A. Yussuf, Md Rafiqul Islam, A.H.M.Zahirul Alam, “Design of Multi – Band RFID Passive Tag Antenna”, ICCCE 2010 11-13 May 2010. [2] K.V. Seshagiri Rao, Pavel V. Nikitin, Sander F. Lam, “Antenna Design For UHF RFID Tags”, IEEE Transaction on Antenna and Propagation Vol 53, No 12, December 2005. [3] S B Kumar, Dr. P K Singha, ON THE INVESTIGATION OF A SIERPINSKI’S CARPET MICROSTRIP FRACTAL ANTENNA, IJESAT Vol. 2, Issue. 2, 202-203. [4] Stephen A. Weis MIT CSAIL RFID (Radio Frequency Identification): Principles and Applications [5] T. Shanmuganantham, R. Mohanmurali, Sierpinski Carpet Fractal Antenna for Multiband Applications, International Journal of Computer Applications Vol. 39, No. 14, 2012. [6] W.L. Chen and G.M. Wang, Small Size Edge-Fed Sierpinski Carpet Microstrip Patch Antennas, Progress In Electromagnetic ResearchC, Vol. 3, 195-202, 2008. [7] Werner Hodlmayr, FRACTAL ANTENNAS – Introduction to fractal technology and presentation of a fractal antenna adaptable to any transmitting frequency – The “FRACTENT”
Ms.K.Vasanthi, Mrs.B.Rajalakshmi "RFID Tag Antenna Design" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 6, pp.62-65 2015
the removal of xylidine ponceau (XP) dye present in dissipate water. The kinetic and mechanistic features of the present redox design have also been examined. Kinetics and oxidative decolorization of XP with bromamine-B in HClO4 medium at 298 K has been investigated spectrophotometrically at λmax 388 nm. The reaction show first-order dependence each on [BAB]o and [XP]o . Reaction proceeds with fractional-order dependence with respect to [HClO4 ]. Activation parameters have been evaluated. The oxidation products were identified. The present kinetic data have been explained by suitable mechanism and related rate law is deduced. .
- Page(s): 66-74
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- J.P. ShubhaDepartment of Chemistry, Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Kumbalagodu, Mysore Road, Bangalore, India
- Y. MadhusudhanDepartment of Chemistry, Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Kumbalagodu, Mysore Road, Bangalore, India
- M. DinamaniDepartment of Chemistry, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore, India
- PuttaswamyDepartment of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Bangalore, India
References
[1] H. Zollinger, Colour chemistry: Synthesis, properties and applications of organic dyes and pigments, New York, VCH, 1981. [2] J. Perkowski, S. Ledakowicz. Fibres Text East Eur. 2002, 10, 68-72. [3] B.D.Waters, Colour in Dyehouse Effluent, Cooper, P. Ed. Society of Dyers and Colourists, Bradford, 1995. [4] C.I. Pearce, J.R. Lloyd; Guthrie, J.T. Dyes Pigments 2003, 58, 179-196. [5] G.D.A.Umbuzeiro, H.S.Freeman, S.H.Warren, D.P.De Oliveira, Y.Terao, T. Watanabe, L.D. Claxton Chemosphere 2005, 60, 55- 64. [6] J.Oakes, P. Gratton, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 2 1998, 2201- 2206 and references therein. [7] E.N. Abrahat; Dyes and their intermediates, London, UK Edward AQrnolds Ltd. 1977. [8] O. Ligrini, E. Oliveros, A. Braun, Chem Rev 1993, 93, 671-698. [9] J.J.Roxon, A.J. Ryan, S.E.Wright, Food Cosmet Toxicol 1967, 5, 367-369. [10] V.J. Jennings, Critical Rev Anal-Chem 1947, 407-419. [11] Campbell, M. M.; Johnson, G. Chem. Rev. 1978, 78, 65. [12] Murthy, A. R. V.; Rao, B. S. Proc Indian Acad. Sci. 1952, 35, 69. [13] Banerji, K. K.; Jayaram, B.; Mahadevappa, D. S. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 1987, 46, 65. [14] Brenner, D. H. In. Synth. Reagents 1985, 6, 9. [15] Gowda, B. T.; Mahadevappa, D. S. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans.II 1983, 323. [16] Geethanjali, A. Synlett. 2005, 18, 2857. [17] Kolvari, E.; Ghorbani-Choghamarani, A.; Salehi, P.; Shirini, F.; Zolfigol, M. A. J. Iran.Chem. Soc. 2007, 4, 126. [18] Puttaswamy.; Mahadevappa, D. S.; Rangappa, K. S. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 1989, 62,3343. [19] Ananda, S.; Jagadeesha, M. B.; Puttaswamy.; Venkatesha, B. M.; Vinod, T. K.; Gowda, N. M. M. Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 2000, 32, 776. [20] Shashikala, V.; Rangappa, K. S. J. Carbohyd. Chem. 2002, 21, 219. [21] Puttaswamy.; Jagadeesh, R. V. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2005, 292, 259. [22] Meenakshisundaram, SP.; Markkandan, R. Indian J. Chem. 2005, 44A, 71. [23] Usha, K. M.; Gowda, B. T. J. Che. Sci. 2006, 118, 351. [24] Shubha J P, Puttaswamy, Bull. Korean, Chem. Soc., 2009, 30(9), 1939. [25] Shubha J.P., Y. Madhusudhan, Puttaswamy, Int. J. Inno. Res. Sci., 2015, 4(3), 817-828. [26] Ahmed, M. S.; Mahadevappa, D. S. Talanta 1980, 27, 669. [27] Feigl F, Spot tests in Organic Analysis, 7th Edn., pp. 479-481. Elsevier, Amsterdam. [28] Morris, J. C.; Salazar, J. A.; Wineman, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1948, 70, 2036. [29] Bishop, E.; Jennings, V. J. Talanta 1959, 1, 197. [30] Hardy, F. F.; Johnston, J. P. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans II 1973, 742. [31] Pryde, B. G.; Soper, F. G. J. Chem. Soc. 1962, 1582. [32] Narayanan, S. S.; Rao, V. R. S. Radio Chim. Acta 1983, 32, 211. [33] Subhashini, M.; Subramanian, M.; Rao, V. R. S. Talanta 1985, 32, 1082. [34] Moelwyn-Hughes, E.A. The kinetics of reaction in solutions, Oxford, Clarender Press, 374-381, 1947. [35] Amis, E.S. Rates Anal Chem 1955, 27, 1672-1679. [36] Laidler, K.J. Chemical kinetics New Delhi, Tata Mc Graw-Hill, 211-228,1955. [37] Collins CJ, Bowman NS Isotope Effects in Chemical Reactions New York, Van- Nostrand, 267, 1970. [38] Kohen, A, Limbach, H.H. Isotope Effects in Chemistry and Biology. Florida, CRC Press, 827-844, 2006.
J.P. Shubha, Y. Madhusudhan, M. Dinamani and Puttaswamy "Oxidative Decolorization Kinetics of Xylidine Ponceau by Bromamine-B in Acid Medium: Spectrophotmetric and Mechanistic Chemistry" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 6, pp.66-74 2015
In this paper we will study Sensor with Quantum Dot to Detect the Gas. As quantum dot is a semiconductor nanostructure that confines the motion of conduction band electrons, valence band holes, or excitons (bound pairs of conduction band electrons and valence band holes) in all three spatial directions. he confinement can be due to electrostatic potentials (generated by external electrodes, doping, strain, impurities), the presence of an interface between different semiconductor materials (e.g. in core-shell nanocrystal systems), the presence of the semiconductor surface (e.g. semiconductor nanocrystal), or a combination of these.A quantum dot has a discrete quantized energy spectrum.The corresponding wave functions are spatially localized within the quantum dot, but extend over many periods of the crystal lattice.A quantum dot contains a small finite number (of the order of 1-100) of conduction band electrons, valence band holes, or excitons, i.e., a finite number of elementary electric charges.Small quantum dots, such as colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, can be as small as 2 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to 10 to 50 atoms in diameter and a total of 100 to 100,000 atoms within the quantum dot volume.Self-assembled quantum dots are typically between 10 and 50 nm in size.Quantum dots defined by lithographically patterned gate electrodes, or by etching on two-dimensional electron gases in semiconductor heterostructures can have lateral dimensions exceeding 100 nm.At 10 nm in diameter, nearly 3 million quantum dots could be lined up end to end and fit within the width of a human thumb.
- Page(s): 75-77
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- Pradeep Kumar
- Mamta
- Deepika
References
[1] https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/am3028662. [2] https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/quantum_dot.htm [3] javascript:try{if(document.body.innerHTML){var a=document.getElementsByTagName("head");if(a.length [4] Brus, L.E. (2007). "Chemistry and Physics of Semiconductor Nanocrystals" (PDF). Retrieved 7 July 2009. [5] Norris, D.J. (1995). "Measurement and Assignment of the Size-Dependent Optical Spectrum in Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) Quantum Dots, PhD thesis, MIT".hdl:1721.1/11129. [6] Murray, C. B.; Kagan, C. R.; Bawendi, M. G. (2000). "Synthesis and Characterization of Monodisperse Nanocrystals and Close-Packed Nanocrystal Assemblies". Annual Review of Materials Research 30 (1): 545–610. Bibcode:2000AnRMS..30..545M.doi:10.1146/annurev.matsci.30.1.545. [7] Екимов АИ, Онущенко АА (1981). "Квантовый размерный эффект в трехмерных микрокристаллах полупроводников" (PDF). Письма в ЖЭТФ 34: 363–366. [8] Ekimov AI, Onushchenko AA (1982). "Quantum size effect in the optical-spectra of semiconductor micro-crystals". Soviet Physics Semiconductors-USSR 16 (7): 775–778. [9] Ekimov AI, Efros AL, Onushchenko AA (1985). "Quantum size effect in semiconductor microcrystals". Solid State Communications 56 (11): 921–924.Bibcode:1985SSCom..56..921E. doi:10.1016/S0038-1098(85)80025-9. [10] "Nanotechnology Timeline". National Nanotechnology Initiative. [11] Reed MA, Randall JN, Aggarwal RJ, Matyi RJ, Moore TM, Wetsel AE (1988)."Observation of discrete electronic states in a zero-dimensional semiconductor nanostructure" (PDF). Phys Rev Lett 60 (6): 535–537. Bibcode:1988PhRvL..60..535R.doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.535. PMID 10038575
Pradeep Kumar, Mamta, Deepika "Sensor with Quantum Dot to Detect the Gas " International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 5, pp.75-77 2015
Hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical element hydrogen. The electrically neutral atom contains a single positively charged proton and a single negatively charged electron bound to the nucleus by the Coulomb force. Atomic hydrogen constitutes about 75% of the elemental (baryonic) mass of the universe.[1] In everyday life on Earth, isolated hydrogen atoms (usually called "atomic hydrogen" or, more precisely, "monatomic hydrogen") are extremely rare. Instead, hydrogen tends to combine with other atoms in compounds, or with itself to form ordinary (diatomic) hydrogen gas, H2. "Atomic hydrogen" and "hydrogen atom" in ordinary English use have overlapping, yet distinct, meanings. For example, a water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms, but does not contain atomic hydrogen (which would refer to isolated hydrogen atoms).
- Page(s): 78-80
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- Pradeep Kumar
- Mamta
- Deepika
References
[1] Palmer, D. (13 September 1997). "Hydrogen in the Universe". NASA. Retrieved5 February 2008. [2] Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Edn.), Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. [3] Pauli, W (1926). "Über das Wasserstoffspektrum vom Standpunkt der neuen Quantenmechanik". Zeitschrift für Physik 36: 336–363. Bibcode:1926ZPhy...36..336P.doi:10.1007/BF01450175. [4] Kleinert H. (1968). "Group Dynamics of the Hydrogen Atom" (PDF). Lectures in Theoretical Physics, edited by W.E. Brittin and A.O. Barut, Gordon and Breach, N.Y. 1968: 427–482. [5] Duru I.H., Kleinert H. (1979). "Solution of the path integral for the H-atom" (PDF).Physics Letters B 84 (2): 185–188. Bibcode:1979PhLB...84..185D. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(79)90280-6. [6] Duru I.H., Kleinert H. (1982). "Quantum Mechanics of H-Atom from Path Integrals"(PDF). Fortschr. Phys 30 (2): 401–435. Bibcode:1982ForPh..30..401D.doi:10.1002/prop.19820300802. [7] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_atom [8] electron6.phys.utk.edu/qm2/modules/m1-3/hydrogen.htm [9] www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/properties/atomorbs.html [10] www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/esam/Chapter_3/section_2.html
Pradeep Kumar, Mamta, Deepika "Hydrogen Atom" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 5, pp.78-80 2015
In this paper we will study sensor with thin film to detect gas. The Thin-Film sensor can be integrated in different designs of probes. Unhoused for dry environments only. Platinum RTD thin film sensors feature platinum deposited on a ceramic substrate, glass coating and radial leads. Thin-film thickness monitors, deposition rate controllers, and so on, are a family of instruments used in high and ultra-high vacuum systems. They can measure the thickness of a thin film, not only after it has been made, but while it is still being deposited, and some can control either the final thickness of the film, the rate at which it is deposited, or both. Not surprisingly, the devices which control some aspect of the process tend to be called controllers, and those that simply monitor the process tend to be called monitors. Most such instruments use a quartz crystal microbalance as the sensor. Optical measurements are sometimes used; this may be especially appropriate if the film being deposited is part of a thin film optical device.
- Page(s): 81-82
- Date of Publication: May 2015
- Pradeep Kumar
- Mamta
- Deepika
References
[1] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_thickness_monitor [2] www.measspec.com/product/temperature/thin_film_sensor.aspxjavascript:try{if(document.body.innerHTML){vara=document.getElementsByTagName("head");if(a.length [3] https://heraeus-sensor-technologyus.com/en/products/procuctthinfilmplatinumtemperaturesensor/thinfilmplatinum.html [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_sensor. [5] https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=gas+sensor [6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_sensor [7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_microsensor [8] https://vernier.com/probes/co2-bta.html [9] https://sensorstransducers.globalspec.com/LearnMore/Sensors_Transducers_Detectors/Gas_Sensing/Gas_Sensors [10] https://etd.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/281 [11] Proceeding of the 2000 Hydrogen Program Review,NREL/CP-570-28890 [12] https://www.gasdetection.com/TECH/sensorprinciple2.htm [13] https://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/17869
Pradeep Kumar, Mamta, Deepika "Sensor with Thin Film to Detect Gas" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.4 issue 5, pp.81-82 2015