This study examined the empirical relationship between psychological contract and employees’ commitment. The study adopted the survey research design. The study focused on employees of aluminium manufacturing companies in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Sample size of 140 employees was drawn from the population through a convenience sampling technique. The instrument was validated by two organizational behavioural and business consultancy experts. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained at 0.82 using Crombach Alpha. Spearman Ranking Order Correlation (r) was used for the test of hypotheses through a bivariate analysis (test of hypothesis) using SPSS Version 22 at 0.05 level of significance. Out of 140 questionnaires administered, 120 copies were retrieved. It was found that psychological contract (transactional contract and relational contract) has a significant relationship on employees’ commitment (loyalty and intention to stay). The study concluded the undoubted connect between psychological contract (transactional and relational contracts) and employees’ commitment (loyalty and intention to stay) calls for management’s proactivity towards the accomplishment of psychological contract as to enhance competitive advantage edge while being in business. The study recommended among other things that: Employers and management of the understudied aluminium manufacturing companies must continue to ensure that a realistic perception of the employment relationship is presented to prospective employees and be ready to enhance promises made during this process; Organization must regularly evaluate the changes in employees’ expectations of the organization and what the organization needs to contribute. This will enable her draw a psychological contract (transactional and relational contracts) that befits its employers and employees.
- Page(s): 01-07
- Date of Publication: 17 November 2019
- Jacob, Madighi Department of Management, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, PO box 5047, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
- Nwiyii, Blessing JosephDepartment of Management, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, PO box 5047, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
- Alobari, Grant Emmanuel A. Department of Management, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, PO box 5047, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Adams, O. & Hicks, V. (2000). Re: Pay and non-pay incentives, performance, and motivation [Roundtable discussion group]. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/hrh/en/HRDJ_4_3_02.pdf. Retrieved 8/10/2019 [2]. Allen N. J. & Meyer, J. P. (1990) The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63 (1), 1-18. [3]. Anggraeni, A.I., Dwiatmadja, C., & Yuniawan, A. (2017). The role of psychological contract on employee commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour: A study of Indonesian young entrepreneurs in management action. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology/SA Tydskrif vir Bedryfsielkunde, 43(1), 1-9. [4]. Antonaki, X. E. & Trivellas, P. (2014). Psychological contract breach and organizational commitment in the greek banking sector: The mediation effect of job satisfaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 148: 354-361. [5]. Bhawna, C. (2019). Psychological contract and organizational citizenship behavior: Exploring the interelatedness through cross validation. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 18 (1), 1-15 [6]. Coyle‐Shapiro, J., & Kessler, I. (2000). Consequences of the psychological contract for the employment relationship: A large scale survey. Journal of Management Studies, 37(7), 903-930. [7]. Daan, G. (2013). The experience of workplace politics. Academy of Management Journal, 23(2), 237-251. [8]. Dutot, C. (2004). Contribution to representations of personal loyalty to the company: convergence and divergence elements between workers and employers. The case of the workers of two metallurgical industries of the Country of Retz. Institute of Business Administration (Poitiers). http://www.theses.fr/en/2004POIT4003 [9]. Festing, M., & Schäfer, L. (2014). Generational challenges to talent management: A framework for talent retention based on the psychological-contract perspective. Journal of World Business, 49(2), 262-271. [10]. Gupta, B., Aggarwal, A., Samaria, P., Sarda, P., & Bucha, R. (2012). Organisational commitment & psychological contract in knowledge sharing behaviour. The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 47(4), 737–749. [11]. Haselhuhn, M. P., Kennedy, J. A., Kray, L. J., Van Zant, A. B. & Schweitzer, M. E. (2015). Gender differences in trust dynamics: Women trust more than men following a trust violation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 56: 104-109. [12]. Hazrati S (2017) Psychological Contract Breach and Affective Commitment in Banking Sector: The Mediation Effect of Psychological Contract Violation and Trust. Arabian J Bus Manag Review, 7 (4), 320. [13]. Johnson, J. L. & O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. (2003). The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal. Journal of Organizational Behavior 24 (5), 627-647. [14]. Karagonlar, G., Eisenberger, R., & Aselage, J. (2016). Reciprocation wary employees discount psychological contract fulfillment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(1), 23–40. [15]. Kickul, J. R., Lester, S. W. & Finkl, J. (2002). Promise breaking during radical organizational change: Do justice interventions make a difference. Journal of Organizational Behavior 23 (4), 469-488. [16]. Lövblad M, Hyder AS, Lönnstedt L (2012) Affective commitment in industrial customer-supplier relations: a psychological contract approach. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 27 (4), 275-285. [17]. Low, C.H., Bordia, P., & Bordia, S. (2016). What do employees want and why? An exploration of employees’ preferred psychological contract elements across career stages. Human Relations, 69(7), 1457–1481 [18]. Mcray, J. (2015). Leadership Glossary: Essential Terms for the 21st Century. Credo Reference. Mission Bell Media. Retrieved 21 October 2018. [19]. Ng, T.W. H., Feldman, D. C. & Butts, M. M. (2014). Psychological contract breaches and employee voice behaviour: The moderating effects of changes in social relationships. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 23 (4), 537-553. [20]. Naidoo, V., Abarantyne, I., & Rugimbana, R. (2019). The impact of psychological contracts on employee engagement at a university of technology. SA Journal of Human Resource Management/SA Tydskrif vir Menslikehulpbronbestuur, 17(0), 1-11 [21]. Peretti, J.-M. & Igalens, J. (2015). Dictionnaire des ressources humaines (7th ed.) Paris: Vuibert. [22]. Rayton, B. A., & Yalabik, Z. Y. (2014). Work engagement, psychological contract breach and job satisfaction. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25 (17), 2382–2400. [23]. Roeckelein, J. E. (2018). Elsevier's dictionary of psychological theories: Credo reference. https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/estpsyctheory/exchange_social_exchange_theory/0. Retrieved 9/10/2019 [24]. Rousseau, D. M. (2003). Extending the psychology of the psychological contract. A reply to Putting psychology back into psychological contracts. Journal of Management Inquiry 12 (3), 229-238. [25]. Rousseau., D. M., Sitkin, S. B., Burt, R. S. & Camerer, C. (1998). Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. The Academy of Management Review 23 (3), 393-404. [26]. Shahid, A. (2018). Employee Intention to Stay: An Environment Based on Trust and Motivation. Macrothink institute: Journal of Management Research, 10 (8), 58-71 [27]. Sturges, J., Guest, D., Conway, N. & Davey, M. K. (2002). A longitudinal study of the relationship between career management and organizational commitment among graduates in the first ten years at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior 23 (6), 731-48. [28]. Turnley, W. H. & Feldman, D. C. (1999). The impact of psychological contract violations on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. Human Relations 52 (7), 895-922. [29]. Zeb-Obipi, I. & Agada, J. T. (2018). Workplace social programmes and Employee commitment: a literary reflection. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 20 (1,3), 9-16 [30]. Zhao H. A. O., Wayne, S. J., Glibkowsky, B. C. & Bravo, J. (2007). The impact of psychological contract breach on work-related outcomes: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology 60 (3), 647-80.
Jacob, Madighi, Nwiyii, Blessing Joseph, Alobari, Grant Emmanuel A. "Psychological Contract and Employees’ Commitment" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.01-07 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/01-07.pdf
The national projects of all levels, patterns and classification are an urgent and inevitable necessity, which is the hope of Egypt to rebuild the abandoned space, re-exploit its resources and potentials, solve the problem of regional disparity, achieve balance between the regions of the republic and attract new urban communities. In the light of national projects, a new urban map is drawn and to know the developmental role of major national projects, it is necessary to measure the ability of these projects to attract urbanization so that we can promote these projects and properly evaluate the decision to direct investment to them. - Concentration) According to the strategy of urban development with its two main axes, a set of standard criteria was used, and each criterion includes a set of variables. Applied statistical equation to measure the polarization capacity of the new city of El Alamein and stand on its developmental return on the urban map.
- Page(s): 08-18
- Date of Publication: 17 November 2019
- Asmaa GabrAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Engineering, Urban Planning Department, Egypt
- Kamal KhalafAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Engineering, Urban Planning Department, Egypt
- Gamal HelewaAl-Azhar University, Faculty of Engineering, Urban Planning Department, Egypt
References
[1]. Mohamed Abou El Hassan (2015).Developmental Effect of Major Projects on Regional Development - Master Thesis Cairo University - 2015. [2]. Institute of National Planning - giant national projects - Cairo - 2001. [3]. Investment, a, a - major national projects - a document on the development of Upper Egypt - Ministry of Investment - Cairo 2011. [4]. Mohamed Khamshoun (1998).Social participation in local development - Journal of the social researcher - University of Mentori. [5]. National Planning Institute - major national projects - Cairo - 1997. [6]. Ahmed Allam and others (1995).Regional Planning - Anglo Egyptian Library. [7]. Marwa Mustafa (2003). Measuring the polarization of urban development poles as an indicator of priorities for development and investment - Ph.D. unpublished - Cairo University. [8]. Mamdouh Mohamed Moustafa (1972). Strategy for the Settlement of Industrial Projects in Egypt, Case Study of Upper Egypt Region - Unpublished PhD Thesis - Faculty of Engineering - Department of Urban Planning - Ain Shams University - 2224 p. and growth Centers in regional planning “paris, p. 70 [9]. Nadia Anas Mohamed Kenawy (1995).Spatial Dimension in National Development Plans in Egypt - PhD Thesis - National Planning Institute. [10]. General Authority for Urban Planning - National Strategic Plan for Urban Development and Priority Development Zones - 2014. [11]. General Authority for Urban Planning - National Strategic Plan for Urban Development - 2017. [12]. Report - the project of economic and social planning for spatial development - Ministry of Planning - 2002. [13]. http://www.sezone.gov.eg/SEZONE%20-%20Master%20Plan.html?page=master-plan [14]. The Potential of North West Gulf of Suez Project Source: Report - Council of Ministers - June 2013. [15]. Suez Canal Regional Development Project [16]. Cana, P. (2011).Panama Canal Traffic. Panama: Panama Canal Authority. [17]. Mohamed, A. (2004). Main Movement Axes and its Impact on Regional Development, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University. [18]. General Authority for Urban Planning - Strategic Plans for Land Development on the Development Axes - 2016. [19]. General Organization for Urban Planning - Strategic Vision for the Comprehensive Development of Egypt 2050. [20]. https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1265201 [21]. General Authority for Urban Planning - Report of the Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Communities - Regional Development Strategy for the North West Coast until 2022-2018. [22]. Nihad Hassan Sayed,(2016). El Alamein El Gadida, an area of urban and investment attraction - sons of the homeland - No. 39. chrome-extension: // oemmndcbldboiebfnladdacbdfmadadm / http: //www.sis.gov.eg/UP/Egyptians%20Abroad%20Magazine%2038/4a.pdf
Asmaa Gabr, Kamal Khalaf, Gamal Helewa "Major National Projects as Development Poles and Their Impact on Urban Development " International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.08-18 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/08-18.pdf
Thermoelectric generator is gaining more popularity in the world because it is environmentally friendly and converts waste heat to additional electric power using a temperature gradient between the hot and cold side. This research aims at designing and developing a charcoal powered food vendor stand equipped with a thermoelectric generator to light up the stand at night and generate useful electricity to power mobile devices especially mobile phones. The basic features include a charging station, Barbecue station and Cooktop. Mild steel was used in making the food stand, making it cost-effective. Test was performed between the hours of 10 am to 5 pm local time at every 5 minutes. 4 Channel digital data logging thermometer, connected to K-Type thermocouple was used to measure the temperature of the cooking pot, ambient temperature, as well as temperatures of the heat sink and conductor. Results showed that the power output increases as the difference in temperature between the hot and cold side increased. Also, the maximum power output of about 5 watts was generated from the thermoelectric generator and was used to charge up mobile devices and lights up a led lamp for work at night.
- Page(s): 19-23
- Date of Publication: 28 November 2019
- A. O. EdemaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Delta State Polytechnics Otefe-Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria
- I. W. UjevwerumeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Delta State Polytechnics Otefe-Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Atik K.(2009). Thermoeconomic optimization in the design of thermoelectric cooler.Proc. 5th Int. Adv. Technol. Symp. 2009:13-15. [2]. Baek, D., Chang, N., Kim, J., Lin, S., Park, S.H., Wang, Y. (2018).Dynamic reconfiguration of thermoelectric generators for vehicle radiators energy harvesting under location-dependent temperature variations.IEEE Trans Very Large Scale IntegrSyst, 26(2018) 1241-53. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2018.2812705. [3]. Bittner, M., Kanas, N., Hinterding, R., Steinbach, F., Rathel, J., Schrade, M., Wiik, K., Einarsrud, M., Feldhoff, A. (2019).A Comprehensive Study on Improved Power Materials for High-Temperature Thermoelectric Generators.Journal of Power Sources, 410-411 (2019), 143-151. [4]. Brown, D.R., Stout, T.B., Dirks, J.A., Fernandez, N. (2012). The prospects of alternatives to vapor compression technology for space cooling and food refrigeration applications.Energy Eng, 109(2012), 7-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 01998595.2012.10554226. [5]. Crane, D.T., Jackson, G.S. (2004). Optimization of cross flow heat exchangers for thermoelectric waste heat recovery, Energy Convers.Manag. 45 (2004) 1565–1582. [6]. Demir, M. E., Dincer, I. (2017). Performance Assessment of a Thermoelctric Generator Applied to Exhaust Heat Recovery. Applied Thermal Engineering, 120 (2017), 694-707. [7]. Gomez M, Reid R, Ohara B, Lee H. Influence of electrical current variance and thermal resistances on optimum working conditions and geometry for thermoelectric energy harvesting. J ApplPhys 2013;113. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4802668. [8]. Han, X. Y., Wang, J., Cheng, H. F. (2014). Investigation of ThermoelctricSiC Ceramics for Energy Harvesting Applications on Supersonic Vehicles Leading0 Edges. Bull Mater,Sci. 37 (2014), 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-014-0613-1. [9]. He, R., Gahlawat, S., Guo, C. Chen, S., Dahal, T., Zhang, H., Liu, W., Zhang, Q., Chere, E., White, K., Ren, Z. (2015). Studies on Mechanical Properties of Thermoelectric Materials by Nanoindentation.Phys. Status Solidi, 202 (2015), 2191-2195. [10]. Li X, Zhong Z, Luo J, Wang Z, Yuan W, Zhang G.(2019). Experimental investigation on a thermoelectric cooler for thermal management of a Lithium-Ion Battery module. [11]. Li X, Xie C, Quan S, Huang L, Fang W. (2018). Energy management strategy of thermoelectric generation for localized air conditioners in commercial vehicles based on 48 V electrical systems.Appl Energy, 231 (2018), 887-900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.162. [12]. Lee, H. (2016). Thermoelectrics : Design and Materials, Wiley [13]. Luo, D., Wang, R., yu, W. (2019). Comparison and Parametric Study of two Theoretical Modeling Approaches based on an Air-to-Water Thermoelectric Generator System. Journal of Power Sources, 439 (2019), 227069 [14]. Muralidhar N, Himabindu M, Ravikrishna RV. Modeling of a hybrid electric heavy duty vehicle to assess energy recovery using a thermoelectric generator. Energy 148 (2018) 1046-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.02.023. [15]. NourEddine A, Chalet D, Faure X, Aixala L, Chess_e P. Optimization and characterization of a thermoelectric generator prototype for marine engine application. Energy,143(2018) 682-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.11.018. [16]. Riffat, S., Qiu, G. (2004).Comparative investigation of thermoelectric air-conditioners versus vapour compression and absorption air-conditioners.ApplThermEng, 24(2004), 1979-1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APPLTHERMALENG.2004.02.010. [17]. Suleiman et al. (2011). Does Economic Growth Reduce Poverty in Nigeria. International Journal of Management Sciences and Humanities.1 (1). [18]. Yang, J., Caillat, T. (2006).Thermoelctric Material for Space and Automotive Power Generation. MRS Bull, 31 (2006), 224-229. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs2006.49. [19]. Yang, Y., Wang, S., He, W. (2018).Simulation Study on Regenerative Thermoelectric Generators for Dynamic Waste Heat Recovery.Energy Procedia, 158 (2019), 571-576.
A. O. Edema, I. W. Ujevwerume "Energy Recovery from Developed Food Vendor Stand using Thermoelectric Generator" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.19-23 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/19-23.pdf
This articles presents variation effect of step – size on the accuracy pattern of an implicit one - step multiderivative method of the form: ’ αk= +1 which is a variant of the Implicit Multiderivative linear multistep method of the form: ’ αk= +1 (where h is the step size, k is the step number, l is the order of the derivative, α_j and β_j are unknown parameters to be determined). Step size (h) of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 were used for the implementation of the method to solven on – stiff and stiff initial value problem of first order Ordinary Differential Equation. Accuracy pattern of the method when it was used to solve a non – stiff problem showed that when h=0.01 the computed result was more accurate than when h=0.1 and h=0.001. When the method was used to solve a stiff initial value problem, accuracy improved as the step size (h) reduced. This study therefore confirmed the assertion that reduction in step – size improves accuracy of numerical methods and further showed that for optimal accuracy to be achieved in non - stiff problems, there is limitation to reduction in step size, because h=0.01 gave better result in terms of accuracy than h=0.001.
- Page(s): 24-28
- Date of Publication: 28 November 2019
- Oludolapo Kehinde FamurewaDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Kings University, Odeomu, Nigeria
- Roseline Bosede OgunrindeEkiti State University, Ado – Ekiti Nigeria
- Remi Julius DareDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Kings University, Odeomu, Nigeria
References
[1]. Butcher, J. (2008). Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations(2nd ed.). John Wiley and Sons Ltd, West Sussex [2]. Finite Difference Methods for Differential Equations. University of Washington. pp. 3–5. [3]. Ezzeddine A.K and Hojjati G (2012). Third derivative multistep methods for stiff systems. International Journal of Non linear Sciences. 14(4):443 - 450. [4]. Famurewa O. K. E. (2011). Improving the Accuracy of the Conventional Implicit Linear Multistep Methods for Integration of Stiff Ordinary Differential Equations. International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3 (2): 140-150. [5]. Famurewa O.K.E., Ademiluyi R.A. and Awoyemi D.O. (2011). A Comparative Study of a Class of Implicit Multi-Derivative Methods for Numerical Solution of Non- Stiff and Stiff First Order Ordinary Differential Equations. African Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science Research 4 (3): 120 – 135. [6]. Famurewa O.K.E. and Olorunsola, S.A. (2013). The Effect of Involving More Derivative Properties on the Accuracy of an Implicit One – Step Method. Asian Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences. 2 (3): 142-157. [7]. Lambert J.D. (1973). Numerical method for ordinary differential systems of initial value problems. John Wiley and Sons, New York. [8]. Leveque, R. J. (2006)Finite Difference Method and Production Engineering. University of Washington. pp. 3–5. [9]. Majid, Z.A., Suleiman, M.B and Azmi N.A. (2010). Variable step size block method for solving directly third order ordinary differential equations. Far East Journal of Mathematical Sciences 41(1): 63 – 73. [10]. Strikwerda, John C (2004). Finite Difference Schemes and Partial Differential Equations (2 ed.). pp. 62–66. ISBN 978-0-898716-39-9
Oludolapo Kehinde Famurewa, Roseline Bosede Ogunrinde, Remi Julius Dare "Variable Step - Size and The Effect on Accuracy of an Implicit One – Step Multiderivative Method for Solving Non – Stiff and Stiff First Order O.D.Es." International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.24-28 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/24-28.pdf
Construction site is associated with the collection and disposal of wastes such as ceramic tiles and in order to minimize the landfill up in environment, the ceramic tiles was grinded into powder and used as partial substitute of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in concrete. This study investigated the structural properties of powdery ceramic tiles concrete with graded levels: (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of powdery ceramic tiles. Wastes of tiles generated from construction sites were used to replace cement in the production of 1:2:4 mix concrete, at constant water-cement ratio of 0.5, cast in sets of twelve (12) each in 150mm x 150mm x 150mm moulds. The resulting concrete cubes cured for 28 days and tested for absorption, compressive strength and workability of fresh concrete were also carried out in accordance with BS1881, 1983.The result showed that the compressive strength at 28 day were 27.06 N/mm2 27.42 N/mm2, 27.42 N/mm2, 28.77 N/mm2, 21.02 N/mm2 at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively. Regarding to the compressive strength values, it was observed that powdery ceramics tiles concrete at 15% replacement has 28.77 N/mm2 compressive strengths at 28 days of crushing after curing. Workability and absorption properties of the powdery ceramic tiles concrete also exhibited the same trend with that of compressive strength. The cost of construction can be reduced by 15%, if 15% of weight of PCT is used as substitute for cement. The research concluded that PCT at 28 days possesses strikingly similar characteristics with normal concrete up to 15% replacement which can be used for normal weight concrete. Suitability of powdery ceramic tiles can be as partial alternative of ordinary Portland cement in concrete production for sustainability in construction.
- Page(s): 29-33
- Date of Publication: 28 November 2019
- Adeala A.J.Department of Civil Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Osore O.TDepartment of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Adeala A & Omisande L.A. (2016). The Use Of Broken Ceramic Tiles As Partial Replacement Of Coarse Aggregates In Concrete. Repositioning Nigerian Techological Education In The 21st Century (pp. 10-14). Ilaro: K&T Commercial Enterprises, Ilaro,Ogun State. [2]. ASTM.C 618 (2008). Specification for fly ash. America: America Society of testing and materials. [3]. BS 12. (2000). Specification for Portland cement. London: British Standards Institution. [4]. BS8110-1. (1997). The Structural Use of Concrete. London: British Standards Institution. [5]. BS 813-2. (1995). Determination of water absorption of concrete. London: British Standards Institution. [6]. BS 1377-2. (1990). Sieve analysis of dry sample. London: British Standards Institution. [7]. BS 1881 - 102. (1983). Methods of determination of Slump. London: British Standards Institution. [8]. BS 1881-114.(1983). Methods of determination of density. London: British Standards Institute. [9]. BS 1881- 116 . (1983). Method for Determination of Compressive Strength of Concrete . London: British Standards Institute. [10]. Balogun, M.O. (2009): “Introduction to properties of construction materials”. All deals investment company limited, Dallas. [11]. Hardik,P ,Arora N.K & Shraddha, R. ( 2015 ). Use of Ceramic Waste Powder in Cement Concrete. Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, 91-97. [12]. Krishna, R & Matheena, S. L. (2013 ). Use of Tiles Dust as partial replacement for cement in concrete. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, pg 2656 -2660. [13]. Saswat H & Vikas S. (2016). Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Ceramic and Demolition Waste in Rigid Pavement. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,Engineering and Technology, 15141-15151. [14]. Vikas, R & Gurtej, S.S . (2013). Effect of Partial Replacement of Fine and Coarse Aggregate (10mm) with Ceramic Waste on the Properties of Concrete. International Journal of Science and Research, 75-77.
Adeala A.J., Osore O.T, "Suitability of Powdery Ceramic Tiles as Partial Alternate Ingredient of Ordinary Portland Cement in Concrete Production" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.29-33 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/29-33.pdf
Wastewater produced from pre-tanning operations in Gombe pre-tannery is directly discharged into the environment resulting in the release of heavy metal ions which when present above required limits pose health hazards. In this work, Doum palm kernel, an agricultural waste was used for the adsorption of copper, iron and zinc ions from Gombe pre-tannery wastewater. The Doum palm kernels were prepared using standard methods and characterized for elemental and oxide composition, functional groups, surface morphology and surface area using X-Ray Flourescence, Fourier Transform Infra-Red, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Brunuaer, Emmet and Teller analytical equipment respectively. The XRF results showed 43.4% K, 18.1% Ag, 13.2% among others with the highest being potassium (K) of 43.4% and a corresponding oxide concentration of 34.1%. Biosorption studies with the kernel showed that it can be used in the reduction of copper, iron and zinc ions with 4.2g doum palm kernel per liter of Gombe pre-tannery wastewater at an equilibrium time of 30 minutes with 57.33%, 54.84% and 98.76% removal for copper, iron and zinc ions respectively. Mixing speed and temperature effects were also studied. Adsorption data were tested using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. Different error analyses reveal that experimental data fit Temkin for copper, Freundlich for iron and Langmuir isotherm for zinc. Adsorption kinetic models reveal second-order kinetics with chemisorption being the rate limiting step. Thermodynamic results show enthalpy (∆H) of -52.1 kJ/mol and entropy (∆S) of -0.174 kJ/mol for Copper, while ∆H and ∆S for iron were -52.9 kJ/mol and -0.181 kJ/mol respectively. ∆H and ∆S for zinc were + 20.7 kJ/mol and +0.066 kJ/mol for zinc respectively. ∆G values for Copper and iron at 50 0C (-4318 kJ and -5590 kJ) shows non-spontaneous sorption while that of zinc (+602 kJ) shows spontaneous sorption.
- Page(s): 34-44
- Date of Publication: 30 November 2019
- Samuel K. CalebAbubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
- Idris M. MuhammadAbubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
- Jibril MohammedAbubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Addagalla V. A, Naif, A. D and Nidal, H. (2009); Study of Various Parameters in the Biosorption of Heavy Metalson Activated Sludge. World Applied Science Journal, 5. 32-40. [2]. Adekola F. A., Hodonou D. S. S and Adegoke H. I. (2016); Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies of Biosorption of Iron and Manganese from Aqueous Medium using Rice Husk Ash, Applied Water Science 6: 319-330. [3]. Ahalya N., Kanamadi R. D. and Ramachandra T. V. (2003); Biosorption of Heavy Metals, Research Journal of Chemistry and the Environment 7, 71-78. [4]. Aharoni. C. and Ungarish. M (1977); Kinetics of Activated Chemisorptions. Part 2. Theoretical models.Journal of Chemical Society Faraday Trans. 73. 456–464. [5]. Atar, N., Olgun, A. and Wangb, S. (2012); Adsorption of Cadmium (II) and Zinc (II) on Boron Enrichment Process Waste in Aqueous Solutions: Batch and Fixed-Bed System Studies, Chemical Engineering Journal,192, 1- 7, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.03.067 [6]. Awwad A. and Salem N. (2011); Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Cd (II) Biosorption onto Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica) leaves, Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, [7]. Babák L., Šupinová P., Zichová M., Burdychová R. and Vítová E. (2012); Biosorption of Cu, Zn and Pb by Thermophilic Bacteria – Effect of Biomass Concentration on Biosorption Capacity, ActaUniversitatisAgriculturae Et SilviculturaeMendelianaeBrunensis LX 1 (5),2-6. [8]. Basha S, Murthy Z. V. P. and Jha B. (2009); Sorption of Hg(II) onto Carica papaya: Experimental Studies and Design of Batch Sorber. Chemical Engineering Journal, 147:226–234. [9]. Bhattacharya A. K, Mandal S. K. and Das S. K (2006); Adsorption of Zn (II) from Aqueous Solutions by Using Different Adsorbents, Chemical Engineering Journal, 123:43–51. [10]. Butterworth R.F (2010); Metal Toxicity, Liver disease and Neurodegeneration, Neurotoxic Research 18:100-105. [11]. Chakraborty, S. De, S., Das Gupta, S. and Basu, J.K. 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U.I, Emmanuel O. and Abdul Halim A. (2015); Adsorption of Aqueous Cd (II) and Pb (II) on Activated Carbon Nanopores prepared by Chemical Activation of Doum Palm Shell. SpringerPlus vol. 4, 3-5. [18]. Hall K. R., Eagleton L. C., AcrivosA.Vermeulen T. (1966); Pore-and Solid-Diffusion Kinetics in Fixed-Bed Adsorptionunder Constant-Pattern Conditions, I&EC Fundam. V, 212–223. [19]. Hameed B. H, Krishni R. R and Sata S. A (2009); A Novel Agricultural Waste Adsorbent for the Removal of Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solutions, Journal of Hazardous materials, 162(1),305-311. [20]. Ho, Y.S. (2006a); Review of Second-Order Models for Adsorption Systems, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 136(3), 681–689. [21]. Ho Y.S. and McKay G. (1999); Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes, Process Biochemistry,34(5), 451–465. [22]. Hureau C., Faller P. (2009); A Beta-mediated ROS Production by Cu ions: Structural Insights, Mechanisms and Relevance to Alzheimer's disease, Biochimie. 91 (10):1212-1213. [23]. Kalavathy M. H., Karthikeyan T., Rajgopal S., Miranda L. R. (2005); Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Cu(II) Adsorption onto H3PO4– Activated Rubber Wood Sawdust, Journal of Colloid Interfibrillary Science, 292, 354–362. [24]. Langmuir I. (1918); The Adsorption of Gases on Plane Surfaces of Glass, Mica and Platinum, Journal of American Chemical Society 40, 61–1403. [25]. Lesmana S.O., Febriana N., Setaredjo N., Sunarso J., Ismadji S (2009); Studies on Potential Applications of Biomass for the Separation of Heavy Metals from Water and Wastewater, Biochemical Engineering Journal 44:19–41. [26]. Li-e Liu, Jindun L., Hongping Li, Haoqin Z., Jie L and Hongquan Z. (2012); Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Lead (II) Biosorption on Sesame Leaf, BioResources 7(3),3555-3572. [27]. Lowell, S., Shields, J.E., Thomas, M.A. and Thommes, M (2004); Characterization of PorousSolidsand Powders:Surface Area, Pore Size and Density, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp 11-20. [28]. Malakootian M., Almasi A., Hanoi H. (2008); Lead (Pb) and Cobalt Removal from Paint Industries Effluent Using Wood Ash, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 5(2):217–222. [29]. Mercer J. F.B. (2001); The Molecular Basis of Copper-transport Diseases, Trends in Molecular Medicine 7:64-69. [30]. Mishra V. (2014); Biosorption of Zinc ion: A Deep Comprehension, Applied Water Science 4:311-332. [31]. Mohammed, J., Nasri, N.S., Zaini, A.A.M., Hamza, U.D., Ahmed, M.M. (2014); Optimization and Preparation of Microwave Irradiated Bio-based Materials as Porous Carbons for VOCs Removal using Response Surface Methodology, Applied Mechanics of Materials 5(54), 175-179. [32]. Monisha J., Tenzin T., Naresh A., Blessy B. and Krishnamurthy N. B. (2014); Toxicity, Mechanism and Health Effects of some Heavy metals, Journal of Interdisciplinary Toxicology 7(2): 60-72. [33]. Muhammad I. M, El-Nafaty U. A, Abdulsalam S and Makarfi Y. I. (2012); Removal of Oil from Oil producedwaterusing Eggshell, Civil and Environmental Research, Journal of International Institute for Science, Technology and Education, 2 (8) 52-61. [34]. Norton L., Baskaran K. and McKenzie S T. (2004); Biosorption of Zinc from Aqueous Solutions using Bio-solids, Advanced Environmental Research 8: 629-635. [35]. Ogwuche E. O, Gimba C. E and Abechi, E. S (2015); An Evaluation of the Adsorptive Behaviour of Activated Carbon Derived from Hyphaenethebaica Nut shells for the Removal of Dichlorvos from Wastewater. The International Journal of Science and Technology ISSN 2321-919X., 3(4): 2-7. [36]. Plazinski W., Rudzinski W., Plazinska A. (2009); Theoretical Models of Sorption Kinetics Including a Surface Reaction Mechanism: A Review, Advanced Colloid Interface Science, 152(1–2), 2–13. [37]. Reddy D.H.K, Seshaiah K, Reyddy A.V.R, Rao M.M & Wang M. C. (2010). Biosorption of Pb2+ from Aqueous Solutions by Moringaoleifera bark: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies, Journal of Hazard Materials 174, 831–838. [38]. Struzynska L. (2009). A Glutamatergic Component of Lead Toxicity in Adult Brain: The Role of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporters, Neurochemistry International, 55:151-156. [39]. Sun, Y. and Webley, P.A. (2010; Preparation of Activated Carbons from Corncob with Large Specific Surface Area by a Variety of Chemical Activators and their Application in Gas Storage, Chemical Engineering Journal, 162, 883-892. [40]. Tan J., Xiaoyu Z., Xinhao W. and Lijuan W. (2012); Removal of Malachite Green from Aqueous Solutions using Waste Newspaper Fibre, BioResources 7(3), 4307-4320. [41]. Vieira M. G. A, Neto A. F. A, Gimenes M. 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Samuel K. Caleb, Idris M. Muhammad, Jibril Mohammed "Copper, Iron and Zinc Removal Using Doum Palm (Hyphaene Thebaica) Kernel as Biosorbent" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.34-44 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/34-44.pdf
This paper aimed at determining the properties of mud brick stabilized with sugarcane peel ash. This is done with the opinion of finding beneficial use of the peels in the production of sustainable cheap and environmental-friendly brick. The lateritic soil used in this study was obtained at Ajegunle (6o53’20.44”N, 3o10’55”E), Ogun State, Nigeria while the sugarcane peel (SCP) was obtained from a waste dump at Papalanto (6o53’20.44”N, 3o13’50.98”E),Ogun State, Nigeria. The SCP was dried, calcined and used as a partial replacement to lateritic soil in the production of mud brick at 0, 2, 4, 6% by mass in this research and the compressive strength, water absorption, capillarity and erosion resistance tests were performed in accordance with ASTM C67 and New Zealand Standard NZS 4298 (1998) on the bricks to determine its suitability as building unit. The compressive strength increased considerably from 3.05to 3.72 MPa at 28 days between 0% and 6%, the erosion resistance also improved from a penetration of 1.75 to 0.95mm/min at 28 days, water absorption reduced from 38.8% at 0% addition of SCPA to 27.8% at 6% at 28 days while water capillarity also reduced from 76mm to 63mm from 0% and 6% respectively at the 28 day. Therefore, SCPA possesses the ability to enhance the quality of lateritic mud brick.
- Page(s): 45-48
- Date of Publication: 30 November 2019
- Joseph Oladapo OlaoyeDepartment of Civil Engineering, the Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Adeniran Jolaade AdealaDepartment of Civil Engineering, the Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Alhassan M (2008). Potential of rice husk ash for soil stabilization .AUJT, 71(4) 246- 250. [2]. Amu O.O & Adetuberu A.A.(2010).Characteristics of bamboo leaf ash stabilization on lateritic soil in highway construction . International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(4):212-219. [3]. Amu O.O, Bamisaye O.F & Komolafe I.A (2011b). The Suitability and Lime Stabilization requirement of Some Lateritic Soil Samples as Pavement. International Journal of Pure Applied Science and Technology, 2 (1):29–46. [4]. Amu O.O, Ogunniyi S.A & Oladeji O.O. ( 2011). Geotechnical properties of lateritic soil stabilized with sugarcane straw ash. American Journal of Scientific and industrial Research, 2(2):323-331. [5]. ASTM C67 –18 :Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile. America. [6]. ASTM C618 – 00: Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Concrete. America. [7]. Bello A.A & Awogboro O.S, Oriaje A.T. (2014). Influence of Compactive Efforts on Lateritic soil stabilized with Rice Hush Ash. International Journal of Applied Engineering, ;9(21):9639-9653. [8]. Bello A.A, Ige J. (2014). Geotechnical properties of lateritic soil stabilized with cement-bamboo leaf ash admixtures. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 9(21):9639-9653. [9]. Bello A.A, & Adegoke C.W. (2013). Geotechnical characterization of abandoned dumpsite soil. ARPN Journal of Earth Sciences, ISSN 2505-403,; Available: http://www.arpnjournals.com, 2(3):90-100. [10]. BS 1377 (1990): Methods of Testing Soil for Civil Engineering Purposes. London: British Standards Institute. [11]. FAOSTAT,2010, http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-publications/ess-yearbook/ess-yearbook 2010/production/en/. [12]. Lambe W.T & Whiteman V.R (1979.).Soil Mechanics, SI Version. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. [13]. Lear L.K.A.(2005). Should you be using more PFA. Proc. Int. Conf. Cement Combination for Durable Concrete. University of Dundee Scotland. [14]. Mangesh, B.I., Lele S. S. 2012. Extraction and characterization of sugarcane peel wax. International Scholarly Research Network, ISRN Agronomy, doi:10.5402/2012/340158. [15]. NZS 4298 (1998). Materials and workmanship for earth building, New Zealand. [16]. Ola S.A. (1978). Stabilization of Nigeria Lateritic Soils with Cement, Bitumen and Lime.Proceedings 6th Reg. Conf. Africa on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Durban, South Africa. [17]. Walker. (2004). Strength and Erosion Characteristics of Earth Blocks and Earth. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:5(497). [18]. Whitlow, R. (1995). Basic Soil Mechanics. 3rd ed. Edinburgh Gate: Addison Wesley Longman Limited. [19]. www.fao.org./3/s1250e/S1250E07.htm
Joseph Oladapo Olaoye, Adeniran Jolaade Adeala "Properties of Mud Brick Stabilized with Sugarcane Peel Ash" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.45-48 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/45-48.pdf
An experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of multiple cellophane bagging in the control of cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchusmaculatus). The treatments consisted of single, double, triple, 4- layer and 5-layer low density cellophane bagging along with a control. The experiment was laid out in a laboratory using a completely randomized design in five replications. Each batch of seed stored weighed 2 kg and was stored under the same environmental conditions in the laboratory. Data collected after four months of storage included bruchidoviposition, population, number of holes/seed and weight loss. Minitab statistical software was used to carry out the analysis of variance for all the data collected and the treatment means were compared using 95% confidence interval test. Results indicated that bruchidoviposition, population and number of holes/seed decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing cellophane layers. Multiple cellophane bagging therefore presented a high potential for use in the control of cowpea bruchids.
- Page(s): 49-51
- Date of Publication: 02 December 2019
- Atanu, O. S.Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P. M. B. 0231, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Abodenyi V. A.Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P. M. B. 0231, Bauchi, Nigeria
References
[1]. Baribusta, D.; Lowerberg-DeBoer, J.; Murdock, L. and Moussa B.( 2010). Profitable Chemical-Free Cowpea Storage Technology for Smallholder Farmers in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges. http://www.ag.purdeu.edu/ipia/study abroad/documents/stored products-Portugal conference-PICS-changes accepted.pdf. [2]. Fox, C.W. (1993). Multiple Mating, Lifetime Fecundity and Female Mortality of the Bruchid Beetle, CallobruchusMaculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Functional Ecology, 7: 203 – 208 [3]. IPS , (2009). Bagging Beans Against Beetles http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=48778. [4]. Margam, V. (2009). Molecular Tools for Characterization of the Legume Pod Borer,Maruca Vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae); Mode of Action of Hermetic Storage of Cowpea Hrain. Ph.D Dissertation, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, USA. Xv + 170 pp. [5]. Moussa, B. (2006). Economic Impact Assessment of Cowpea Storage Technology. Master of Science Thesis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. [6]. Singh, S. R., Jackai, I. E. N., Canwell, K. and Myers, G. (1989). Cowpea Research at IITA-Grain Legume Improvement Programme. Research Monograph No. 1: p.19.
Atanu, O. S., Abodenyi V. A. "Efficacy of Multiple Cellophane Bagging in the Control of Cowpea Bruchids (Callosobruchus Maculatus)" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.49-51 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/49-51.pdf
Xyloglucanis a well-known plant polymer and has been used in the textile industry as a sizing agent. The enzyme xyloglucanendotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XET) has become important in the last 25 years for understanding the plant growth system. The discovery of various XET enzymes and understanding their role in cell wall metabolism in plants lead towards its application in various fields. Cloning and expression of many different XET enzymes in industrially important microbes paved way for producing sufficient quantities of the enzyme that was essential for further studies. The uniqueness of XET enzymes in terms of introducing groups through xyloglu can eventualized their usage in surface modification of cellulosic substrates. This review article provides a compilation of most of the XET enzymes reported and the associated applications. The article also provides a complete list of patents listed till date that reported the XGO-XET system for an application involving surface modification. The possibility of future trends in wider areas where XET enzymes could be used is also discussed.
- Page(s): 52-55
- Date of Publication: 03 December 2019
- Gurpreet Kaur
References
[1]. Nishitani K, Tominaga R [1992] Endo-xyloglucantransferase, a novel class of glycosyltransferase that catalyzes transfer of a segment of xyloglucan molecule to another xyloglucan molecule. J Biol Chem. 21058-64 [2]. Fry S.C, Smith R.C, Renwick K.F, Martin D.J, Hodge S.K and Matthews K.J [1992] Xyloglucanendotransglycosylase, a new wall-loosening enzyme activity from plants. Biochem. J. 821-828 [3]. Fanutti C, Gidley MJ and Reid JS [1993] Action of a pure xyloglucanendo-transglycosylase (formerly called xyloglucan-specific endo-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucanase) from the cotyledons of germinated nasturtium seeds. Plant J. 691-700 [4]. Qi Zhou, Martin J. Baumann, Peter S. Piispanen, Tuula T. Teeri, and Harry Brumer [2006] Xyloglucan and xyloglucanendo-transglycosylases (XET): Tools for ex vivo cellulose surface modification. Biocatalysis and Biotransformation. 107-120 [5]. Carpita, N., and McCann, M. [2000]. The cell wall. In Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants, B.B. Buchanan, G. Wilhelm, and R.L. Jones, eds Rockville, IL: American Society of Plant Physiologists. 52–108 [6]. Sulova Z, Baran R and Farkas V [2003] Xyloglucanendotransglycosylase (XET) isoenzymes with different modes of action on xyloglucan.12th European Carbohydrate Symposium, Grenoble France [7]. www.Phytozome.jgi.doe.gov [8]. www.Brenda-enzymes.org [9]. Johansson P, Denman S, Brumer H, Kallas A.M, Henriksson H, Bergfors T, Teeri T.T and Jones T.A [2003] Crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of a xyloglucanendotransglycosylase from Populustremulatremuloides. Acta Crystallography. 535-537 [10]. Bollok M, Henriksson H, Kallas A, Jahic M, Teeri T.T and Enfors S.O [2005] Production of poplar xyloglucanendotransglycosylase using the methylotrophic yeast Pichiapastoris. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 61-77 [11]. Gustavsson M.T, Persson P.V, Iversen T, Martinelle M, Hult K, Teeri T.T and Brumer H [2005] Modification of cellulose fiber surfaces by use of a lipase and a xyloglucanendotransglycosylase. Biomacromolecules. 196-203 [12]. Potter I and Fry S.C [1993] Xyloglucanendotransglycosylase activity in pea internodes. Effects of applied gibberellic acid.Plant Physiol. 235-41 [13]. Fanutti C, Gidley M.J and Reid J.S [1993] Action of a pure xyloglucanendo-transglycosylase (formerly called xyloglucan-specific endo-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucanase) from the cotyledons of germinated nasturtium seeds. Plant J. 691-700 [14]. de Silva J, Jarman C.D, Arrowsmith D.A, Stronach M.S, Chengappa S, Sidebottom C and Reid J.S [1993] Molecular characterization of a xyloglucan-specific endo-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucanase (xyloglucanendo-transglycosylase) from nasturtium seeds. Plant J. 701-11 [15]. Arrowsmith D.A and de Silva J [1995] Characterization of two tomato fruit-expressed cDNAs encoding xyloglucanendo-transglycosylase.Plant Mol Biol. 391-403 [16]. Rose J.K, Brummell D.A and Bennett A.B [1996] Two divergent xyloglucanendotransglycosylases exhibit mutually exclusive patterns of expression in nasturtium. Plant Physiol. 493-499 [17]. Purugganan M.M, Braam J and Fry S.C [1997] The Arabidopsis TCH4 xyloglucanendotransglycosylase. Substrate specificity, pH optimum, and cold tolerance.Plant Physiol.181-190 [18]. Schröder R, Atkinson R.G, Langenkämper G and Redgwell R.J [1998] Biochemical and molecular characterisation of xyloglucanendotransglycosylase from ripe kiwifruit.Planta. 242-251 [19]. Campbell Pand Braam J [1999] In vitro activities of four xyloglucanendotransglycosylases from Arabidopsis. Plant J. 371-382 [20]. Steele N.M and Fry S.C [1999] Purification of xyloglucanendotransglycosylases (XETs): A generally applicable and simple method based on reversible formation of an enzyme-substrate complex. Biochem. J. 207-211 [21]. Steele N.M and Fry S.C [2000] Differences in catalytic properties between native isoenzymes of xyloglucanendotransglycosylase (XET). Phytochemistry. 667-680 [22]. Henriksson H, Denman S.E, Campuzano I.D, Ademark P, Master E.R, Teeri T.T and Brumer H [2003] N-linked glycosylation of native and recombinant cauliflower xyloglucanendotransglycosylase 16A. Biochem. J. 61-73 [23]. Vissenberg K, Van Sandt V, Fry S.C and Verbelen J.P [2003] Xyloglucanendotransglucosylase action is high in the root elongation zone and in the trichoblasts of all vascular plants from Selaginella to Zea mays. J Exp Bot. 335-44 [24]. Bollok M, Henriksson H, Kallas A, Jahic M, Teeri T.T and Enfors S.O [2005] Production of poplar xyloglucanendotransglycosylase using the methylotrophic yeast Pichiapastoris. ApplBiochemBiotechnol. 61-77 [25]. Kallas A.M, Piens K, Denman S.E, Henriksson H, Fäldt J, Johansson P, Brumer H and Teeri T.T [2005] Enzymatic properties of native and deglycosylated hybrid aspen (Populustremulaxtremuloides) xyloglucanendotransglycosylase 16A expressed in Pichiapastoris. Biochem J.105-13 [26]. Brumer H, Qi Zhou, Baumann M. J, Carlsson K and Tuula T. T [2004] Activation of Crystalline Cellulose Surfaces through the Chemoenzymatic Modification of Xyloglucan. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 5715-5721 [27]. Zhou Q, Baumann M.J, Piispanen, P.S, Teeri T.T and Brumer, H [2006] Xyloglucan and xyloglucanendo-transglycosylases (XET): Tools for ex vivo cellulose surface modification. Biocatal. Biotransform.107-120 [28]. www.uniprot.org [29]. Ruby Ilum Nielsen [1999] Methods for using xyloglucanendotransglycosylase in baking. International publication number: WO 99/62343
Gurpreet Kaur "A Review of XET Enzymes, Current Applications and Future Trends " International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.52-55 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/52-55.pdf
This study explored the impact that social media, specifically Facebook and Instagram have on small and medium Enterprises (SMEs). It aimed at investigating the benefits available to SMEs that use Facebook and Instagram for marketing. This work utilized data collection using a structured online survey (Google Forms).The Findings of this study showed that 37.22% of the population size that viewed the questionnaire responded. From the data collected, it was revealed that SMEs make higher sales with higher customer reach on social media compared to offline marketing. It was also seen that 6% of SMEs made sales of NGN100,000 to NGN500,000 monthly and 4.5% of SMEs had 100,000 to 500,000 customer reach on Instagram as against Facebook. The study provided evidence of advantages of utilizing Facebook and Instagram marketing tools in terms of marketing, increased traffic, awareness and revenue. This shows that SMEs should be engaged in digital marketing using Facebook and Instagram Social Media. This will help them to communicate, scale and easily grow effectively with customers on a global scale, opening new opportunities for sales and growth.
- Page(s): 56-60
- Date of Publication: 04 December 2019
- Ukegbu Chibuzor ChimezieDepartment of Computer Science, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
- Adannaya Simeon IvoDepartment of Computer Science, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
- Eziechina M. A.Department of Computer Science, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
- Uche Daniel C.Department of Computer Science, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Culnan, M. J., McHugh, P. J., & Zubillaga, J. I. (2010). How large US companies can use twitter adn other social media to gain business. MIS Quaterly Executives, 9(4). [2]. Celement, J. (2019, August). https://www.statista.com/statistics/. Retrieved from Statista. [3]. Warren, J. (2019). Big Commerce. Retrieved from https://bigcommerce.com/blog/ [4]. Tallon. (2000). Strategic IT Alignment, Twenty-Five Year ON. [5]. Lina, Y., & Carol, M. (2018). The Social Media and SMEs Business growth.How can SMEs Incorperate Social Media. [6]. Karanasios, S., & Burges, S. (2006). Exploring the Internet use of Small Tourism enterprises, Evidence froma Develoing country. The Electronic Journal on INformation systems in Developing Countries, 27(3), 1-2. [7]. Gumus, & Kutahyali. (2017). Perceptions of Social Media by Small and Medium Enterproses SMEs. Turkey International Journal of Business and Informtaion. [8]. Anas, A., & Bakra, A. (2017). The Impact of Social Media Adoption in Competitive Advantage in the Small and Medium Enterprises. International Journal of Business Innovation Research. [9]. Andreas, M. K., & Michael, H. (2009). Users of the World, Unite! The cahllenge and Opportunity of Social Media. Paris, France. [10]. Kurocrasamy, T., & Soinivasan, J. (2017). Impact of Social Media Application on Small and Medium Business Enterpreneurs in India. India.
Ukegbu Chibuzor Chimezie, Adannaya Simeon Ivo, Eziechina M. A. and Uche Daniel C. "The Impact of Facebook and Instagram Social Media on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.56-60 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/56-60.pdf
The selection of process parameter for obtaining an optimal hardness properties in the heat treatment of A356 aluminium alloy has been done in this study. The samples were produced via chill casting method and machined into standard hardness test samples. The hardness was evaluated by an FIE Vickers hardness tester of MV1-PC model in accordance with ASTM E384 and ASTM E92 standards. The heat treatment condition were solution heat treatment temperature, solution heat treatment time, ageing temperature and ageing time. The effect of each condition on the hardness of this alloy was considered using Taguchi L9 method which was followed by determining the process parameter with the optimal heat treatment condition. The results obtained have been articulated in this report.
- Page(s): 61-67
- Date of Publication: 05 December 2019
- Marwa Ahmed Mostafar Department of Mechanical/Production Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi- Nigeria
- J. S. Jatau Department of Mechanical/Production Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi- Nigeria
- M. H. Muhammad Department of Mechanical/Production Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi- Nigeria
- A. Tokan Department of Mechanical/Production Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi- Nigeria
References
[1]. A. A. Alnaqi, Characterisation of coated light weight brake rotors. PhD dissertation, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds. (2014). [2]. A. A. Agbeleye, D. E. Esezobor,S. A. Balogun,J. O. Agunsoye, J. Solis, A. Neville. Tribological properties of aluminium-clay composites for brake disc rotor applications.Journal of King Saud University-Science. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2017.09.002. (2017). [3]. S. R. Abhang and D. P. Bhaskar. Design and Analysis of disc brake. International journal of Engineering trends and technology (IJETT) 8 (4)(2014) 165-167. ISSN: 2231-5381 [4]. W. C. Gu, G. H. Lv, H. Chen, G. L. Chen, W. R. Feng and S. Z. Yang, Characterisation of ceramic coatings produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation of aluminum alloy, Materials Science and Engineering a-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, vol. (447) (2007) pp. 158-162. [5]. S. Sarip and A. J. Day. An experimental study on prototype lightweight brake disc for regenerative braking. Journal Tecknology (Science Engineering) 74 (1)(2015) 11–17. [6]. A. A. Agbeleye, D. E. Esezobor, S. A. Balogun, J. O. Agunsoye, J. Solis, A. Neville. Tribological properties of aluminium-clay composites for brake disc rotor applications. Journal of King Saud University-Science. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2017.09.002. (2017). [7]. A. Macke, and P. Rohatgi. Metal Matrix Composites offer the automotive industry opportunity to reduce vehicle weight, improve performance. Advanced Material Production170 (3) (2012) 19–23. [8]. D. B. Miracle and S. L. Donaldson. ASM Handbook, Vol. 21: Composites. (2001). [9]. D. Maneiah, L. John, M. Saikrishana. Design and thermal analysis of disc brake rotor using aluminium alloy 2014 and generalized experimental analysis for temperature distribution. International journal and magazine of engineering, technology, management and research 3(10) (2016) 615-622. ISSN: 2348-4845. [10]. M. Burkinshaw, A. Neville, A. Morina, M. Sutton. Calcium sulphonate and its interactions with ZDDP on both aluminium-silicon and model silicon surfaces. Tribology International. 46, (2012) 41–51. [11]. M. Abdulwahab, O. B. Umaru, M. A. Bawa, L. M. Sani, N. Raymond. Investigation of the wear characteristics of Al-Si-Mg alloy under conditioned thermal treatment. Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences 2(1) (2017) pp. 59-64. [12]. M. Abdulwahab. Effect of Multiple-Step Thermal Ageing Treatment on the Hardness and Corrosion Characteristics of A356.0-Type Al-Si-Mg Alloy. (Unpublished Doctoral dissertation). Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. (2011). [13]. L. Pederson and L. Arnberg. The effect of solution heat treatment and quenching rates on Mechanical properties and Microstructure in AlSiMg foundry alloys”, metallurgical and materials transaction A, (2014) 32:525. [14]. S. Sarip and A. J. Day. An experimental study on prototype lightweight brake disc for regenerative braking. Journal Tecknology (Science Engineering) 74 (1) (2015) 11–17. [15]. N. Mandal, B. Doloi, B. Mondal, R. Das. Optimization of flank wear using zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) cutting tool: Taguchi method and regression analysis, Measurement, 44 (2011) 2140-2155. [16]. S. V. Sahu, A. Satapathy, A. Patnaik, K. P. Sreekumar, P. V. Ananthapadmanabhan. Development, Characterization and erosion wear response of plasma sprayed fly ash-aluminium coatings. Materials and Design, 31 (2010) pp. 1165-1173.
O. B. Umaru, J. S. Jatau, M. H. Muhammad, A. Tokan "Process Parameter Selection for Optimization of Hardness Properties of A356 Aluminium Alloy Using Taguchi Method" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.61-67 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/61-67.pdf
The paper studies the variation pattern of refractivity on land with the three major metrological parameters. The measured refractivity was compared with measured temperature, pressure and relative humidity at 100m height. The data were collected at interval of 30minutes for the whole day. Exponential, linear, power series, logarithmic and polynomial regressions were used to analysed the data and predict the refractivity in a day over the eight months in Jos of Nigeria. Correlation analyses were also used base on the predicted regression equations for two months each represents early dry season, late dry season, early rainy season and late rainy season. The study shows that refractivity increases with pressure and relative humidity while decreasing with temperature. The best regression equation of refractivity with pressure, temperature and relative humidity is polynomial equation. The correlation of pressure, temperature and relative humidity ranges from 0.2067-0.7291, 0.2242-0.9061 and 0.6741-0.9686. The correlations in early rainy and dry seasons for humidity and temperature and late rainy for pressure have highest value. Other regression equations for humidity and temperature have better performance and worst in pressure.
- Page(s): 68-76
- Date of Publication: 06 December 2019
- Afolabi, Lateef OlashileElectrical Electronic Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Eze Blessing. EComputer Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic ilaro Ogun State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Agbo G. A., Tropospheric Refractivity Dependence On Atmospheric Weather Conditions In Jos-Nigeria, Journal of Basic Physical Research, Vol. 2, No.2, pp 1 - 6, November, 2011, ISSN; 2141-8403 PRINTS, 2141-8411 ONLINE [2]. Falodun, S. E. and M. O. Ajewole, (2006), Radio Refractive Index in the Lowest 100m Layer of the Troposphere in Akure, South-Western Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-terrestrial Physics, vol. 68, 236-243. [3]. Freeman R. L., Radio System Design for Telecommunications. – Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons IncPb, 2007. – 880 p. [4]. Gao J., Brewster, K., Xue, M. Variation of radio refractivity with respect to moisture and temperature and influence on radar ray path // Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2008. – Vol. 25. – No. 6. – P. 1098–1106. [5]. GuanjunGuo&Shukai Li. Study on the vertical profile of refractive index in the troposphere // International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 2000. – Vol. 21. – No.7. – P. 1103–1112. [6]. Okoro O. N. &Agbo G. A., The Effect of Variation of Meteorological Parameters on the Tropospheric Radio Refractivity for Minna, Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Physics & Space Science, Volume 12 Issue 2 Version 1.0 February 2012, Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896, pp 36-42 [7]. Priestley J. T., Hill R. J. Measuring High–Frequency Refractive Index in the Surface Layer, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 1985. – Vol. 2. – No. 2. – P. 233–251. [8]. Serdega D., Ivanovs G. Refraction seasonal variation and the influence on to GHz range microwaves availability, Electronics and Electrical Engineering. – Kaunas: Technologija, 2007. – No. 6 (78). – P. 39–42. [9]. The radio refractive index: its formula and refractivity data, in: Recommendation ITU–R P.453–9–1970–1986–1990–1992–1994–1995–1997–1999–2001–2003. [10]. Valma E., Tamošiūnaitė M., Tamošiūnas S. Tamošiūnienė M., Žilinskas M. Determination of radio refractive index using meteorological data, Electronics and Electrical Engineering. – Kaunas: Technologija, 2010. – No. 10 (106). – P. 125–128.
Afolabi, Lateef Olashile, Eze Blessing. E "Correlation and Regression Analyses of Refractivity with Metrological Parameters in Jos" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.68-76 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/68-76.pdf
The paper analysed the effect of meteorological parameters on tropospheric refractivity in Jos for better planning of wireless communication signal. Jos, capital of Plateau stateis located on latitude 09038'N and longitude 08051'N , north-central of Nigeria. The year was divided into four; early dry season, late dry season, early rainy season and late rainy season.The tropospheric refractivity variation with hours of the day for nine different months was investigated. The data used were collected from NIMET, Nigeria and the analyses were based on ClausianClapeyron’s equation. It was discovered that in most of the months, a minimum refractivity around 240N-Units are recorded between 60% to 70% hours of the day and maximum refractivity around 335N-units are recorded at early hour in the morning and late hours in the night. More so, rainy season has higher refractivity than dry season and it increases from the early rainy season to late season with September having highest refractivity in the year. The percentage error of this analysis varies from 0.26% to 0.38%.
- Page(s): 77-82
- Date of Publication: 06 December 2019
- Afolabi, Lateef Olashile Electrical Electronic Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Olaiya Olayinka Oluwaseun Computer Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic ilaro Ogun State, Nigeria
References
[1]. Adediji A T and Ajewole M. O., (2008), Vertical Profile of Radio Refractivity Gradient in Akure South-East Nigeria, Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 4, 157-168. [2]. Agbo G. A., Tropospheric Refractivity Dependence On Atmospheric Weather Conditions In Jos-Nigeria, Journal of Basic Physical Research, Vol. 2, No.2, pp 1 - 6, November, 2011, ISSN; 2141-8403 PRINTS, 2141-8411 ONLINE [3]. Agunlejika O., Raji T. I., (2010b), Validation of ITU-R Model for Atmospheric Refractivity Profile, International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS), Vol.2, No.4, 72 -82. [4]. Agunlejika, O. and Raji T. O., (2010a), Empirical Evaluation of Wet-Term of Refractivity in Nigeria, International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 2, No. 2, 63-68. [5]. Ayantunji B. G., Okeke P. N. and Urama J. O. (2011), Diurnal and Seasonal Variation of Surface Refractivity over Nigeria, Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 30, 201 – 222. [6]. Chigbu, N.N.; Onogu, M.I., Ajayi, G.O.,(2004), “Characteristics of Microwave Propagation in Vapourised Atmosphere” Global Journal of Mathematics Sciences, vol. 3(2), 123-136. [7]. Ekpe O. E., Agbo G. A., Ayantunji B. G., Yusuf N and Onugwu A. C., (2010), Variation of Tropospheric Surface Refractivity at Nsukka in South Eastern Nigeria, Nigerian Journal ofSpace Research vol. 7, 42-48. [8]. Falodun, S. E. and M. O. Ajewole, (2006), Radio Refractive Index in the Lowest 100m Layer of the Troposphere in Akure, South-Western Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-terrestrial Physics, vol. 68, 236-243. [9]. Freeman R. L., Radio System Design for Telecommunications. – Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons IncPb, 2007. – 880 p. [10]. Gao J., Brewster, K., Xue, M. Variation of radio refractivity with respect to moisture and temperature and influence on radar ray path // Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2008. – Vol. 25. – No. 6. – P. 1098–1106. [11]. GuanjunGuo, Shukai Li. Study on the vertical profile of refractive index in the troposphere // International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 2000. – Vol. 21. – No.7. – P. 1103–1112. [12]. O. N. Okoro& G. A. Agbo, The Effect of Variation of Meteorological Parameters on the Tropospheric Radio Refractivity for Minna, Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Physics & Space Science, Volume 12 Issue 2 Version 1.0 February 2012, Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896, pp 36-42 [13]. Priestley J. T., Hill R. J. Measuring High–Frequency Refractive Index in the Surface Layer, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 1985. – Vol. 2. – No. 2. – P. 233–251. [14]. Valma E., Tamosiunaite M., Tamosiunas S., Tamosiuniene M. &Zilinskas M., Variation of Radio Refractivity with Height above Ground, Electronics and electrical engineering, telecommunications engineering, 2011. No. 5(111), pp 23-26, ISSN 1392 – 1215 [15]. Willoughby A. A., Aro T. O., Owolabi I. E. Seasonal variations of radio refractivity gradients in Nigeria, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar–Terrestrial Physics, 2002. – Vol. 64. – P. 417–425.
Afolabi, Lateef Olashile, Olaiya Olayinka Oluwaseun "Effect of Meteorological Paramrters on Tropospheric Refractivity in Jos, North Central of Nigeria" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.77-82 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/77-82.pdf
Web applications are becoming the dominant way to provide access to online services such as e-commas, e-banking, hospitals, school portals, etc. and also a valuable target for security attacks. As the use of web applications for some or most services has increased, the sophistication of attacks against these applications has grown as well. To protect web applications, its services and servers against web application related attacks, the multi-layered detection system is proposed in this research work. This technique proposal will enhance the level of protection considering the diverse nature of intrusions. The contemporary methods in IDS such as the Anomaly-based, Signature-based and Policy-based IDS and their challenges are also reviewed. The common web application attacks which are vulnerable to the web application where discussed. The proposed Multi-layered Technique will detect and filter malicious code irrespective of the entry point in as much the code will be encapsulated as part of the HTTP header. Furthermore, to minimize false-positive response (false alerts), the HTML contained variables are prepared before interacting with the rule. Another effort is to eliminate 'UserAgent 'from the HTTP header that would be scanned by the rules.
- Page(s):83-91
- Date of Publication: 07 December 2019
- Muhammad Sanusi Senior Lecturer, Computer Science Department, University of Abuja, Nigeria
- Sani Halima Research Scholar, Computer Science Department, University of Abuja, Nigeria
- Atumoshi Adamu YusufResearch Scholar, Computer Science Department, University of Abuja, Nigeria
- Daniel Okunbor Professor, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301, North Carolina
References
[1]. Akinwumi, A., Olutayo, A., Samuel, O., & Olujimi, A. (2017). Laying Foundation for SCADA System Protocol Performance Modelling. Journal of Network Communications and Emerging Technologies (JNCET) www. jncet. org, 7(11). [2]. Torrano-Giménez, C., Perez-Villegas, A., & Alvarez Maranón, G. (2010). An anomaly-based approach for intrusion detection in web traffic. [3]. Gordon, L. A., Loeb, M. P., Lucyshyn, W., & Richardson, R. (2005). 2005 CSI/FBI computer crime and security survey. Computer Security Journal, 21(3), 1. [4]. Kumar D., Venugopalan S. (2017) Intrusion detection systems: a review. Int J Adv Res Comp Sci. 2017; 8(8):356–370. [5]. Agrawal, G., Kamble M. (2012) Proposed Multi-Layers Intrusion Detection System (MLIDS) Model. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies (IJCSIT) Vol.3, pp.5040�5042. [6]. Vijayarani, D. S., &Jothi, M. P. (2014). Hierarchical and Partitioning Clustering Algorithms for Detecting Outliers in Data Streams. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 3(4), 6205-6207. [7]. Torrano-Giménez, C., Perez-Villegas, A., & Alvarez Maranón, G. (2010). An anomaly-based approach for intrusion detection in web traffic. [8]. Pałka, D., & Zachara, M. (2011, August). Learning web application firewall-benefits and caveats. International Conference on Availability, Reliability, and Security (pp. 295-308). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. [9]. Cho, S., & Cha, S. (2004). SAD: web session anomaly detection based on parameter estimation. Computers & Security, 23(4), 312-319. [10]. Al-Sarawi, S., Anbar, M. Alieyan, K., Alzubaidi, M. (2017) Internet of Things (IoT) communication protocols: Review. In Proceedings of the 2017 8th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT), Amman, Jordan, 17–18 May 2017 [11]. Duessel, P., Gehl, C., Flegel, U. et al. (2016). Detecting zero-day attacks using context-aware anomaly detection at the application-layer. International Journal of Information Security, 1-16. [12]. Nancy, A., & Syed, Z. H. (2018), A closer look at Intrusion Detection System for web Applications. [13]. Vinod, K., Dr. Prakash, O., (2012) Signature-based intrusion detection system using Snort” International Journal of Computer Applications & Information Technology Vol. I, Issue III, (ISSN: 2278-7720) [14]. Magnus A., Ulf L., and Erland J., (2008) A multi-sensor model to improve automated attack detection. In 11th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection (RAID 2008). RAID, September 2008. [15]. Vigna, G., Robertson, W., Kher, V., et al. (2003, December). A stateful intrusion detection system for world-wide-webworld-wide-web servers. In Computer Security Applications Conference, 2003. Proceedings. 19th Annual (pp. 34-43). IEEE. [16]. Stuttard, D., & Pinto, M. (2011). The Web Application Hacker's Handbook: Finding and Exploiting Security Flaws. John [17]. Ryutov, T., Neuman, C., Dongho, K. et al. (2003). Integrated access control and intrusion detection for web servers. IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems, 14(9), 841-850. [18]. Razzaq, A., Latif, K., Ahmad, H. F. et al. (2014). Semantic security against web application attacks. Information Sciences, 254, 19-38. [19]. Stassopoulou, A., & Dikaiakos, M. D. (2009). Web robot detection: A probabilistic reasoning approach. Computer Networks, 53(3), 265-278. [20]. OWASP, T. (2017). Top 10-2017 The Ten Most Critical Web Application Security Risks. URL: owasp. org/images/7/72/OWASP_Top_10-2017_% 28en, 29. [21]. Sommerville, I. (2011). Software engineering 9th Edition. ISBN-10137035152. [22]. Amoroso, E. G. (1999). Intrusion detection: Intrusion. NetBooks. [23]. McHugh, J. (2001). Intrusion and intrusion detection. International Journal of Information Security, 1(1), 14-35. [24]. Razzaq, A., Ahmed, H. F., Hur, A. et al. (2009, February). Ontology-based application-level intrusion detection system by using a bayesian filter. In Computer, Control and Communication, 2009. IC4 2009. 2nd International Conference on (pp. 1-6). IEEE. [25]. Murphy, M. (2016). No place to hide as DNS comes under attack. Network Security, 2016(7), 5-7. [26]. OWASP, T. (2017). Top 10-2017 The Ten Most Critical Web Application Security Risks. URL: owasp. org/images/7/72/OWASP_Top_10-2017_% 28en, 29.
Muhammad Sanusi, Sani Halima, Atumoshi Adamu Yusuf, Daniel Okunbor "Multi-Layered Intrusion Detection Approach for Web Applications" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.83-91 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/83-91.pdf
The anti-plasmodial activity of bush cane (Costus afer) stem on albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei was evaluated. Bush cane collected from the wild were defoliated, washed and the stem macerated. The aqueous extract were test for various phytochemicals. Twenty-four albino mice were used for this experiment, and were divided into six groups of four mice per group. Group 1, 2 and 3 were normal, negative and positive controls respectively, while Group 4, 5 and 6 were treated with 100, 200 and 500mg/kg of bush cane extract based on body weights. Results showed that the groups treated with 100 and 200mg/kg had the same chemo suppressive effect of 89.1% while the group treated with 500mg/kg had a chemo suppressive effect of 96.4%. Also, the acute toxicity (LD50) of the extract showed no mortality at the experimental groups. The hematological evaluation of the experimental mice showed that the extract had positive influence on the Erythrocytes (RBC), Leukocytes (WBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Hemoglobin Concentration (HB), and Neutrophils (NEU) and Lymphocytes (LMYP). Data analysis showed that the chemo suppressive effect of Costus afer when compared with the chloroquine, at 500mg/kg was not statistically significant but was significant at 100 and 200mg/kg levels. This showed that bush cane has antiplasmodial property and should be recommended for treatment of malaria.
- Page(s): 92-97
- Date of Publication: 07 December 2019
- Elele, KingsleyDepartment of Biology, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
- Umukoro Bridget ODepartment of Biology, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
References
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Elele, Kingsley & Umukoro Bridget O "The Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Bush Cane (Costus Afer) Stem on Plasmodium Berghei Berghei Infected Albino Mice" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.92-97 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/92-97.pdf
All over the world, the thermal springs are natural water environments and characterized by specific physical and chemical characteristics. These are ubiquitous features mostly unknown but typically thought to originate from deep sources. Turkey has a unique geographic location at the junction between Asia, Europe and Africa. It is located in an active tectonic orogenic belt with young faults and active volcanisms. In the Deliçermik thermal spring area (Köprüköy-Erzurum, NE Turkey), the thermal spring water flows out from the clayey levels of the geological material belonging to the Horasan Formation aged as Pliocene. The confluent thermal spring water and clayey geological material are taken the form of thermal mud and it use as the thermal mud bath. The Deliçermik thermal spring area hosts thermophilic algae belonging to Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Euglenophyta types. In this area, the most common algae detected are Bacillariophyta type.
- Page(s):98-101
- Date of Publication: 15 December 2019
- Ekrem Kalkan Ataturk University, Oltu Earth Sciences Faculty, Geological Engineering Department, 25400 Erzurum, Turkey
References
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Ekrem Kalkan "Algae Potential of The Deliçermik Thermal Spring Area (Köprüköy-Erzurum, NE Turkey)" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.98-101 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/98-101.pdf
It is difficult to find natural soil that provided high strength and high durability in practice. Construction on the soils of this type cause difficulties and problematic because of soft soils is less stable and massive primary and long term consolidation settlements when subjected to even moderate load increases. To get stronger soil, unbound materials can be stabilized with cementitious materials such as cement, lime, fly ash, bitumen or combination of these. The stabilized soil materials have a higher strength, lower permeability and lower compressibility than the native soil. In this study, waste material emerged from Oltu Stone was used as additive material for stabilization of sandy soil. The Oltu Stone is an organic matter known as geological material. When it is taken from the quarry as raw material and converted into product, a large part of it turns into waste. Therefore, this work aims to research the usability of the Oltu Stone waste to stabilize the grained soils. In the experimental study, 0,5%, 1% and 2% percentages of Oltu Stone waste were added to the grained soils and prepared samples were subjected to related tests. The test results show that the grained soil samples stabilized by Oltu Stone waste have a high compressive strength as compared to natural grained soil samples. Consequently, it is concluded that Oltu Stone waste materials can be successfully used for the stabilization of the grained soils in geotechnical applications.
- Page(s): 102-107
- Date of Publication: 15 December 2019
- Necmi YarbaşıAtaturk University, Oltu Earth Sciences Faculty, Geological Engineering Department, 25400 Erzurum, Turkey
- Ekrem KalkanAtaturk University, Oltu Earth Sciences Faculty, Geological Engineering Department, 25400 Erzurum, Turkey
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Necmi Yarbaşı, Ekrem Kalkan "Use of Waste Material (Oltu Stone Waste) for Soil Stabilization" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.8 issue 11, November 2019, pp.102-107 URL: www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.8Issue11/102-107.pdf