The continuous growth in the number of mobile users in wireless networks necessitates the need for increased network capacity as well as data dissemination to these users simultaneously. Device-to-Device (D2D) communication provides a way of accommodating more users in the networks, while multicast communication makes it possible to transmit data from a source to multiple destinations. A prominent problem in the multicast of data disseminated from the CH to multiple devices in wireless networks is the high probability of inefficient routing paths used for data dissemination. This results in retransmission, which could lead to outage and unnecessary overhead, as well as negatively affecting the network effective throughput. To mitigate this problem, this research considers the processing capacity of intermediate devices for the multicast of data in the D2DC, in order to resourcefully create efficient routing paths and maintain seamless dissemination of data in the underlay cellular networks.
- Page(s): 01-05
- Date of Publication: 20 May 2022
- Uchenna N. Chikeluba Department of Telecommunications Engineering Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
- Mohammed D. Almustapha Department of Telecommunications Engineering Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
- Abdumalik S. Yaro Department of Telecommunications Engineering Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
- Monday F. Ohemu Department of Telecommunications Engineering Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
References
[1] A. Asadi, Q. Wang, and V. Mancuso, “A survey on device-to-device communication in cellular networks,” IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorial,” 16 (4), pp. 1801 – 1819, (2014). [2] M. Luby, T. Gasiba, T. Stockhammer, and M. Watson, “Reliable multimedia download delivery in cellular broadcast networks,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 235-246, (2007). [3] H. Meshgi, D. Zhao, and R. Zheng, “Optimal resource allocation in multicast device-to-device communications underlaying LTE networks,” IEEE pp. 1 – 29, (2015). [4] J. Kim, J. Joung, and W. Lee, “Resource allocation for multiple device-to-device cluster communication underlay cellular networks,” IEEE Communications Letter, Vol. 22, no. 2. 412 – 415, (2018). [5] K. Chi, Z. Yu, Y. Li, and Y. Zhu, “Energy efficient D2D communication-based retransmission scheme for reliable multicast in wireless cellular network,” IEEE Access, Vol. 6, pp. 31469 – 31480, (2018). [6] D. Ningombam, and S. Shin, “Traffic offloading in multicast device-to-device cellular networks: A combinatorial auction-based matching algorithm,” Sensors, 20(4), 1128, (2020). [7] A. Mohammad, A. Mirza, and S. Vemuru, “Energy Aware Routing For Manets Based On Current Processing State Of Nodes,” Jounal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 91(2), 340, (2016). [8] Y. Sun, Y. Chen, Z. Wang, “Resource Allocation and Power Control Based on Non-cooperative Game for D2D Communications Underplaying Cellular Networks.” Wireless Pers Commun (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-09486-4
Uchenna N. Chikeluba, Mohammed D. Almustapha, Abdumalik S. Yaro and Monday F. Ohemu, "A modified resources allocation scheme for multiple D2D cluster multicast communication underlay Cellular Network" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.11 issue 5, May 2022, pp.01-05 URL: https://ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.11Issue5/01-05.pdf
Biometric systems installed on doors cannot be used by everyone, as it is unhealthy for someone to touch a device that has already been pressed by so many others. Also, people without hands cannot use fingerprint or hand-based systems, while visually impaired people have difficulties using iris or retina based techniques. To overcome these challenges, a programmed AT89C52 microcontroller access door control system that makes use of two multi-factor user authentication with password and smartcard was designed to restrict the entry of unauthorized persons from sensitive or highly secured areas. Unified Modeling Language was used to model the functionality of the system with AT89C52 microcontroller, power supply, keypad, display unit, smartcard, smartcard reader, relay driver and dc motor as hardware. The card reader was designed with a Random Access Memory card reader slot in a computer’s central processing unit connected to the port 0 of the AT89C52 microcontroller. While the software program used for the programmable AT89C52 access door control system was successfully programmed with assembly language in order to perform the desired assignment, the source code was developed in an integrated development environment. The entire software which was arranged by integrating all the modules in a main control loop, and tested for conformity with the main control program alongside the hardware, achieved its objective of deterring unauthorized attempt to highly restricted areas.
- Page(s): 06-12
- Date of Publication: 23 May 2022
- Chukwudi Emeka Udu Department of Industrial/Production Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025 Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Chika Edith Mgbemena Department of Industrial/Production Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025 Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Okechukwu Chiedu Ezeanyim Department of Industrial/Production Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025 Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Charles Chikwendu Okpala Department of Industrial/Production Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025 Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
References
[1] Ajay, M., Shelja, D., and Swati, S. (2014). “Designed and Development of a Sensor Based Home Automation Security System with the Application of GSM Module and Locking System” International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, vol. 1, iss. 4 [2] Alu, A. (2021). “Binary Numbers” [Online]. Accessed on 18 January 2022, from https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/binary/bin_1.html [3] Akubue, T. (2016). “Door Controller Using Smart Card and Interactive Code Lock” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering and Technology, vol 5, iss. 2 [4] Amunullah, M. (2013). “Microcontroller Based Reprogrammable Digital Door Lock Security System by Using Keypad and GSM/CDMA Technology” Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 4, iss. 6 [5] Chomo, D., Yawas, D., and Johnson, Z. (2018). “Development of an Automatic Door System” American Journal of Engineering Research, vol. 7, iss. 5 [6] Gupta, K., Kumar, S. and Tripathy, M. (2019), “Implementation of Smart Card for Vehicular Information” International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, vol. 8, iss. 5 [7] Jain, A., Shukla, A. and Rajan, R. (2016). “Password Protected Home Automation System with Automatic Door Lock” MIT International Journal of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 6, iss. 1 [8] Khan, S. and Dristy, F. (2015). “Android Based Security and Home Automation System” International Journal of Ambient Systems and Applications, vol. 3, iss. 1 [9] Keil Elektronik GmbH Inc., (1995). “A51 Assembler and A251 Assembler, Macro assemblers for the 8051and Mcs 251 microcontrollers” [Online]. Accessed on 22 January 2022, from https://www.scribd.com/document/150092010/A251 [10] Lal, N., Prasad, S. and Farik, M. (2016). A Review of Authentication Methods. “International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, vol. 5, iss. 11 [11] Lee, T., Hsiao, C., Hwang, S. and Lin, T. (2017). “Enhanced Smartcard-Based Password Authenticated Key Agreement Using Extended Chaotic Maps” PLOS ONE, vol. 12, iss. 7 [12] Okner, D. (2021), “Understanding Access Control Systems” [Online]. Accessed from https://www.getkisi.com/access-control on 8 February 2022 [13] Visa, I. and Asogwa, V. (2012). “Microcontroller Based Anti-theft Security System Using GSM Networks with Text Message as Feedback” International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, vol. 2, iss. 10
Chukwudi Emeka Udu, Chika Edith Mgbemena, Okechukwu Chiedu Ezeanyim, and Charles Chikwendu Okpala, "Design of a Programmed AT89C52 Microcontroller Access Door Control System" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.11 issue 5, May 2022, pp.06-12 URL: https://ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.11Issue5/06-12.pdf
The applications of coir fiber reinforced composites have witnessed rapid growth in industrial applications as well as in fundamental research, due to their improved physical and mechanical characteristics. The paper started with the definitions of fiber and composites, before it provided a brief history of coir fiber starting from when it was observed from the Ramayana era around the third century B.C. The nature of coir fiber, it’s processing and extraction, as well as its chemical properties, and physical and mechanical compositions were discussed in detail. Apart from being abundant in nature, cost effective, non-toxic, renewable, lowest thermal conductivity, and bulk density, the research pointed out that coir fiber is more durable than other natural fibers because of its high lignin content. Despite the remarkable properties of coir fiber, it was noted that untreated coir fiber composites have unwanted features such as dimensional instability and flammability which makes it unsuitable for high temperature applications. After explaining that the extremely hydrophilic character of coir, along with the hydrophobic nature of the polymers employed for matrix production makes the manufacture of coir polymer composites difficult, resulting in mechanical property loss following moisture uptake, the paper concluded that in order to reduce or eliminate the rate of moisture absorption, that coir fiber surface must be chemically modified.
- Page(s): 13-20
- Date of Publication: 25 May 2022
- Somto K. Onukwuli Department of Industrial/Production Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025 Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Charles Chikwendu Okpala Department of Industrial/Production Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025 Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Fred N. Okeagu Department of Industrial/Production Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025 Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
References
[1] Andiç-Çakir, Ö., Sarikanat, M., Tüfekçi, H., Demirci, C., and Erdoǧan, Ü. (2014). Physical and mechanical properties of randomly oriented coir fiber–cementitious composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 61, 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPOSITESB.2014.01.029 [2] Anupama, N., Priya, S., Raju, P., and Naveen, P. (2014). Experimental Testing of Polymer Reinforced with Coconut Coir Fiber Composites. Undefined. [3] Ardanuy, M., Claramunt, J., García-Hortal, J., and Barra, M. (2011). Fiber-matrix interactions in cement mortar composites reinforced with cellulosic fibers. Cellulose, 18(2), 281–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10570-011-9493-3 [4] Asasutjarit, C., Hirunlabh, J., Khedari, J., Charoenvai, S., Zeghmati, B., and Shin, U. (2005). Development of coconut coir-based lightweight cement board. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.028 [5] Balea, A., Fuente, E., Blanco, A., and Negro, C. (2019). Nanocelluloses: Natural-Based Materials for Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composites. A Critical Review. Polymers, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/POLYM11030518 [6] Bhaskar, J., and Singh, V. K. (2013). Water Absorption and Compressive Properties of Coconut Shell Particle Reinforced-Epoxy Composite. J. Mater. Environ. Sci, 4(1), 113–118. [7] Biswas, S., Kindo, S., and Patnaik, A. (2011). Effect of fiber length on mechanical behavior of coir fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Fibers and Polymers 2011 12:1, 12(1), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12221-011-0073-9 [8] Bledzki, A. K., Mamun, A. A., and Volk, J. (2010). Barley husk and coconut shell reinforced polypropylene composites: The effect of fibre physical, chemical and surface properties. Composites Science and Technology, 70(5), 840–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPSCITECH.2010.01.022 [9] Brahmakumar, M., Pavithran, C., and Pillai, R. M. (2005). Coconut fibre reinforced polyethylene composites: effect of natural waxy surface layer of the fibre on fibre/matrix interfacial bonding and strength of composites. Composites Science and Technology, 3–4(65), 563–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPSCITECH.2004.09.020 [10] Carlos -Brazil -, S., Frollini, E., Leão, A. L., Mattoso, L. H. C., Rowell, R. M., Han, J. S., and Rowell, J. S. (2000). Natural Polymers and Agrofibers Composites Characterization and Factors Effecting Fiber Properties. [11] Chollakup, R., Smitthipong, W., Kongtud, W., and Tantatherdtam, R. (2013). Polyethylene green composites reinforced with cellulose fibers (coir and palm fibers): effect of fiber surface treatment and fiber content. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1080/01694243.2012.694275, 27(12), 1290–1300. https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2012.694275 [12] Coir Team (2021), The History of Coir [Online]. Accessed from https://coir.com/the-history-of-coir/, on 17 October, 2021 [13] Dhakal, H., Zhang, Z., and Richardson, M. (2007). Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Composites Science and Technology, 67(7–8), 1674–1683. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPSCITECH.2006.06.019 [14] Deccan Herald (2020), Go Coconut [Online]. Accessed from https://www.deccanherald.com/living/living-front-page/go-coconuts-880551.html, on 20 September, 2021 [15] Errajhi, O. A. Z., Osborne, J. R. F., Richardson, M. O. W., and Dhakal, H. N. (2005). Water absorption characteristics of aluminised E-glass fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Composite Structures, 3–4(71), 333–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPSTRUCT.2005.09.008 [16] Farnfield, C. (1975). Textile terms and definitions (7th ed.). Textile Institute. [17] Geethamma, V. G., Kalaprasad, G., Groeninckx, G., and Thomas, S. (2005). Dynamic mechanical behavior of short coir fiber reinforced natural rubber composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 36(11), 1499–1506. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPOSITESA.2005.03.004 [18] Grosberg, P., and Dobb, M. G. (1991). Fibre failure and wear of materials—an atlas of fracture, fatigue and durability. J. W. S. Hearle, B. Lomas, W. D. Cooke and I. J. Duerden, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1989. pp. 454, price £79•95. ISBN 0-85312-942-8. Polymer International, 24(3), 194–194. https://doi.org/10.1002/PI.4990240321 [19] Haque, M., Rahman, R., Islam, N., Huque, M., and Hasan, M. (2009). Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Chemically Treated Coir and Abaca Fiber: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1177/0731684409343324, 29(15), 2253–2261. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684409343324 [20] Harish, S., Michael, D. P., Bensely, A., Lal, D. M., and Rajadurai, A. (2009). Mechanical property evaluation of natural fiber coir composite. Materials Characterization, 60(1), 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2008.07.001 [21] Haruna, V., Abdulrahman, A., … P. Z.-A. J. of, and 2014, undefined. (2014). Prospects and challenges of composites in a developing country. Researchgate.Net. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/As-Abdulrahman/publication/285213731_Prospects_and_challenges_of_composites_in_a_developing_country/links/57a2f6f008aeef35741f3c80/Prospects-and-challenges-of-composites-in-a-developing-country.pdf [22] Idicula, M., Boudenne, A., Umadevi, L., Ibos, L., Candau, Y., and Thomas, S. (2006). Thermophysical properties of natural fibre reinforced polyester composites. Composites Science and Technology, 66(15), 2719–2725. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPSCITECH.2006.03.007 [23] Izzuddin Zaman, Al Emran Ismail, and Muhamad khairudin Awang. (2010). Influence of Fiber Volume Fraction on the Tensile Properties and Dynamic Characteristics of Coconut Fiber Reinforced Composite. Journal of Science and Technology, 55–71. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/210191004_Influence_of_Fiber_Volume_Fraction_on_the_Tensile_Properties_and_Dynamic_Characteristics_of_Coconut_Fiber_Reinforced_Composite [24] John, M. J., and Thomas, S. (2008). Biofibres and biocomposites. Carbohydrate Polymers, 71(3), 343–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2007.05.040 [25] Kakou, C. A., Essabir, H., Bensalah, M.-O., Bouhfid, R., Rodrigue, D., and Qaiss, A. (2015). Hybrid composites based on polyethylene and coir/oil palm fibers: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1177/0731684415596235, 34(20), 1684–1697. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684415596235 [26] Khan, A., and Mehra, R. (2014). Design and simulation of optical waveguide for electro-optic modulator. 2014 International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology Research, ICAETR 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAETR.2014.7012917 [27] Khan, M. A., Ali, K. M. I., and Rahman, M. S. (2006). Swelling and Thermal Conductivity of Wood and Wood-Plastic Composite. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1080/03602559708000613, 36(2), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559708000613 [28] Khedari, J., Suttisonk, B., Pratinthong, N., and Hirunlabh, J. (2001). New lightweight composite construction materials with low thermal conductivity. Cement and Concrete Composites, 1(23), 65–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(00)00072-X [29] Ku, H., Wang, H., Pattarachaiyakoop, N., and Trada, M. (2011). A review on the tensile properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 42(4), 856–873. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPOSITESB.2011.01.010 [30] Mehdikhani, M., Gorbatikh, L., Verpoest, I., and Lomov, S. V. (2018). Voids in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review on their formation, characteristics, and effects on mechanical performance: Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/0021998318772152, 53(12), 1579–1669. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998318772152 [31] Mohanty, A. K., Misra, M., Drzal, L. T., Selke, E., Harte, B. R., and Hinrichsen, G. (2005). Biocomposites : An Introduction. Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites, 1–35. [32] Munde, Y. S., Ingle, R. B., and Siva, I. (2018). Investigation to appraise the vibration and damping characteristics of coir fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/2374068X.2018.1488798, 4(4), 639–650. https://doi.org/10.1080/2374068X.2018.1488798 [33] N E Naveen, P., and Yasaswi, M. (2013). Experimental Analysis of Coir-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Materials. Int. J. Mech. Eng. and Rob. Res, 2(1), 10–18. www.ijmerr.com [34] Natsa, S., Akindapo, J. ., and Garba, D. . (2015). Development of a military helmet using coconut fiber. European Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3(7), 55–65. [35] Omrani, E., Menezes, P. L., and Rohatgi, P. K. (2016). State of the art on tribological behavior of polymer matrix composites reinforced with natural fibers in the green materials world. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 19(2), 717–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JESTCH.2015.10.007 [36] Okpala, C., Chinwuko, E., and Ezeliora, C. (2021), Mechanical Properties and Applications of Coir Fiber Reinforced Composites. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 8, iss. 7 [37] Okpala, C., Onukwuli, S., and Ezeanyim, O. (2021), Coir Fiber Reinforced Composites - An Overview. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, vol. 8, iss. 8 [38] Pérez-Fonseca, A. A., Arellano, M., Rodrigue, D., González-Núñez, R., and Robledo-Ortíz, J. R. (2016). Effect of coupling agent content and water absorption on the mechanical properties of coir-agave fibers reinforced polyethylene hybrid composites. Polymer Composites, 37(10), 3015–3024. https://doi.org/10.1002/PC.23498 [39] Pothan, L. A., Thomas, S., and Groeninckx, G. (2006). The role of fibre/matrix interactions on the dynamic mechanical properties of chemically modified banana fibre/polyester composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 37(9), 1260–1269. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPOSITESA.2005.09.001 [40] Rajak, D. K., Pagar, D. D., Menezes, P. L., and Linul, E. (2019). Fiber-reinforced polymer composites: Manufacturing, properties, and applications. Polymers, 11(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11101667 [41] Ray, D., and Rout, J. (2005). Thermoset biocomposites. Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites, 291–345. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203508206.CH9 [42] Roy, J. K., Akter, N., Zaman, H. U., Ashraf, K., Sultana, S., Shahruzzaman, Khan, N., Rahman, M. A., Islam, T., Khan, M., and Khan, R. A. (2012). Preparation and properties of coir fiber-reinforced ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-based composite: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1177/0892705712439568, 27(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705712439568 [43] S. Mahzan, A.M. Ahmad Zaidi, M.I. Ghazali, N. Arsat, and M.N. M. Hatta. (2010). Mechanical Properties of Medium Density Fibreboard Composites Material Using Recycled Rubber and Coconut Coir | International Journal of Integrated Engineering. 2 no 1. https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/ijie/article/view/125 [44] Sanjay, M. R., Madhu, P., Jawaid, M., Senthamaraikannan, P., Senthil, S., and Pradeep, S. (2018). Characterization and properties of natural fiber polymer composites: A comprehensive review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 566–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2017.10.101 [45] Satyanarayana, K. G., Pillai, C. K. S., Sukumaran, K., Pillai, S. G. K., Rohatgi, P. K., and Vijayan, K. (1982). Structure property studies of fibres from various parts of the coconut tree. Journal of Materials Science, 17(8), 2453–2462. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00543759 [46] Saw, S. K., Sarkhel, G., and Choudhury, A. (2012). Preparation and characterization of chemically modified Jute–Coir hybrid fiber reinforced epoxy novolac composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 125(4), 3038–3049. https://doi.org/10.1002/APP.36610 [47] Sen, T., and Reddy, H. N. J. (2011). Application of Sisal , Bamboo , Coir and Jute Natural Composites in Structural Upgradation. 2(3). [48] Shandilya, A., Gupta, A., and Verma, D. (2016). Banana fiber reinforcement and application in composites: A review. Green Approaches to Biocomposite Materials Science and Engineering, April, 201–227. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0424-5.ch010 [49] Siakeng, R., Jawaid, M., Ariffin, H., and Salit, M. S. (2018). Effects of Surface Treatments on Tensile, Thermal and Fibre-matrix Bond Strength of Coir and Pineapple Leaf Fibres with Poly Lactic Acid. Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018 15:6, 15(6), 1035–1046. https://doi.org/10.1007/S42235-018-0091-Z [50] Sudhakara, P., Jagadeesh, D., Wang, Y., Venkata Prasad, C., Devi, A. P. K., Balakrishnan, G., Kim, B. S., and Song, J. I. (2013). Fabrication of Borassus fruit lignocellulose fiber/PP composites and comparison with jute, sisal and coir fibers. Carbohydrate Polymers, 98(1), 1002–1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2013.06.080 [51] Tajvidi, M., and Ebrahimi, G. (2003). Water uptake and mechanical characteristics of natural filler-polypropylene composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 88(4), 941–946. https://doi.org/10.1002/APP.12029 [52] Thwe, M. M., and Liao, K. (2002). Effects of environmental aging on the mechanical properties of bamboo-glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix hybrid composites. Composites - Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 33(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(01)00071-9 [53] Tran, L. Q. N., Fuentes, C. A., Dupont-Gillain, C., Van Vuure, A. W., and Verpoest, I. (2013). Understanding the interfacial compatibility and adhesion of natural coir fibre thermoplastic composites. Composites Science and Technology, 80, 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPSCITECH.2013.03.004 [54] Verma, D., and Gope, P. C. (2015). The use of coir/coconut fibers as reinforcements in composites. Biofiber Reinforcements in Composite Materials, 285–319. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781782421276.3.285 [55] Verma, D., Gope, P. C., Shandilya, A., Gupta, A., and Maheshwari, M. K. (2013). Coir Fibre Reinforcement and Application in Polymer Composites: A Review. J. Mater. Environ. Sci, 4(2), 263–276. [56] Weitsman, Y. J. (2006). Anomalous fluid sorption in polymeric composites and its relation to fluid-induced damage. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 37(4), 617–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPOSITESA.2005.05.022 [57] Yan, L., Chouw, N., Huang, L., and Kasal, B. (2016). Effect of alkali treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of coir fibres, coir fibre reinforced-polymer composites and reinforced-cementitious composites. Construction and Building Materials, 112, 168–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2016.02.182 [58] Yan, L., Su, S., and Chouw, N. (2015). Microstructure, flexural properties and durability of coir fibre reinforced concrete beams externally strengthened with flax FRP composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 80, 343–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPOSITESB.2015.06.011 [59] Yusoff, R. B., Takagi, H., and Nakagaito, A. N. (2016). Tensile and flexural properties of polylactic acid-based hybrid green composites reinforced by kenaf, bamboo and coir fibers. Industrial Crops and Products, 94, 562–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INDCROP.2016.09.017 [60] Zainudin, E. S., Yan, L. H., Haniffah, W. H., Jawaid, M., and Alothman, O. Y. (2014). Effect of coir fiber loading on mechanical and morphological properties of oil palm fibers reinforced polypropylene composites. Polymer Composites, 35(7), 1418–1425. https://doi.org/10.1002/PC.22794 [61] Zhang, L., and Hu, Y. (2014). Novel lignocellulosic hybrid particleboard composites made from rice straws and coir fibers. Materials and Design, 55, 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATDES.2013.09.066
Somto K. Onukwuli, Charles Chikwendu Okpala, and Fred N. Okeagu, "Review of Benefits and Limitations of Coir Fiber Filler Material in Composites" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.11 issue 5, May 2022, pp.13-20 URL: https://ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.11Issue5/13-20.pdf
The objective of the study was to critically examine the significance of employee engagement on organizational productivity. Businesses are confronted with a variety of challenges ranging from low productivity, low profitability, low market share, poor service delivery, and employees’ intention to leave the organizations. These problems have manifested to job dissatisfaction, an absence of responsibility and communication between organizational levels. The study concluded that job satisfaction, employee commitment and feedback have positive relationships with organizational productivity. The study recommended that management should enrich the job, and employee autonomy so that employees could be motivated and satisfied with their jobs which will enhance productivity and a great place to work, train and develop the employees so that they feel an obligation to pay back with more work efforts. There should be organizational climate and culture that foster job security and other long-term benefits so that employees will have the intention to stay which will enhance productivity, profitability, market share, and customer service delivery. Management should foster effective communication, and management/employees relationship, hence employee feedback would enhance job productivity.
- Page(s): 21-28
- Date of Publication: 30 May 2022
- Faith Prosper Doctoral Candidate, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Nigeria
- Amah, Edwinah (PhD) Professor of Entrepreneurship & Management, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Okocha, Belemenanya Friday (PhD) Researcher, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
References
[1] Aon Hewitt. (2011). Trends in global employee engagement. Accessed at http://www.aon.com/attachment/thought leadership/Trends. Global employee engagement final.pdf [2] Bakar, R. A. (2013). Understanding Factors Influencing Employee engagement: A Study of the Financial Sector in Malaysia. PhD Thesis (unpublished), School of Management, RMIT University. [3] Bakker, A. B. & Bal, P. M. (2010). Weekly work engagement and productivity: A study among starting teachers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 189-206. [4] Bakker, A. B. & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career development international, 13(3), 209-223. [5] Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Lieke, L. (2012). Work engagement, productivity, and active learning: The role of conscientiousness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(2), 555-564. [6] Behrman, D. N. & Perreault, W. D. J. (1982). Measuring productivity of industrial salespersons. Journal of Business Research, 10, 355-370. [7] Bersin, J. (2014). Why companies fail to engage today's workforce: The overwhelmed employee. Forbes magazine 2014. [8] Cawe, M. (2006). Factors contributing to employee engagement in South Africa Unpublished Master's Thesis). University of Witwatersrand. [9] Cooper, D. R. & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business research methods. Twelfth Edition. McGraw-Hill Education. [10] Cropanzano, R. & Wright, T. A. (2001). When a "happy" worker is really a “productive” worker: A review and further refinement of the happy productive worker thesis. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 53, 182-199. [11] Demerouti, E. (2006). Job characteristics, flow, and productivity: The moderating role of conscientiousness. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11, 266-280. [12] Demerouti, E. & Cropanzano, R. (2010). From thought to action: Employee work engagement and job productivity. In A. B. Bakker, & M. P. Leiter (Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research. Psychology Press. [13] Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D., & Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. Journal of applied psychology, 86(1), 42-61. [14] Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990). Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation. Journal of applied psychology, 75(1), 20-39. [15] Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R. H., & Sowa, S. (1986). Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(31), 14-26. [16] Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-Build Theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218-226. [17] Halbesleben, J. R. B. & Wheeler, A. R. (2008). The relative roles of engagement and embeddedness in predicting job productivity and intention to leave. Work and Stress, 22, 242-256. [18] Harter, J., Schmidt, F., & Keyes, C. (2002). Well-being in the Workplace and its Relationship to Business Outcomes: A Review of the Gallup Studies in Keyes, C.L. and Haidt, J. (Eds), Flourishing: The Positive Person and the Good Life, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. [19] Hausknecht, J. P. & Holwerda, J. A. (2013). When does employee turnover matter? Journal of Managerial Issues. 6, 10-23. [20] Hayes, A. F. & Cai, L. (2007). Using heteroskedasticity-consistent standard error estimators OLS regression: An introduction and software implementation. Behaviour Research Methods, 39 (4), 709-722. [21] Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, (33), 692-724. [22] Kangure, F. M., Wario, G., & Odhiambo, R. (2014). Relationship between job characteristics and employee engagement among state corporations in Kenya. Journal of Innovative Research and Studies, 13, (5), 327- 350. [23] Ko, J. W., Price, J. L., & Mueller, C. W. (1997). Assessment of Meyer and Allen's three-component model of organizational commitment in South Korea. Journal of applied psychology, 82(6), 961-980. [24] Kular, S., Gatenby, M., Rees, C. M., Soane, E., & Truss, K. (2008). Employee engagement: Literature Review. Working paper series. Kingston University. [25] Macey, W. H. & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1, 3-30. [26] Marcey, H. & Schneider, B. (2005). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology Journal, 1, 76-83. [27] May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety, and availability and the engagement of human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 11-37. [28] Men, L. R. & Stacks, D. W. (2013). The impact of leadership style and employee empowerment on perceived organizational reputation. Journal of Communication Management, 17, 171-192. [29] Meyer, J. P., Bobocel, D. R., & Allen, N. J. (1991). Development of organizational commitment during the first year of employment: A longitudinal study of pre-and post-entry influences. Journal of Management, 17(4), 717-733. [30] Motowildo, S. J. & Van Scotter, J. R. (1994). Evidence that task productivity should be distinguished from contextual productivity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 475-480. [31] Musgrove, C. F., Ellinger, A. E., & Ellinger, A. D. (2014). Examining the influence of strategic profit emphasis on employee engagement and service climate. Journal of Workplace Learning, 26(3/4), 152-171. [32] Pandita, D. & Bedarkar. M. (2004). A study on drivers of engagement impacting employee productivity. Procedia Social and Behavioural Sciences, 133, 106-115. [33] Ram, P. & Prabhakar G. (2011). The role of employee engagement in work related outcomes. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business, 1, (3) 47-61. [34] Rousseau, D. (1995). Psychological contracts in organizations: Understanding written and unwritten agreements. Sage. [35] Sakovska, M. (2012). Importance of employee engagement in business environment. Aarhus school of business and social sciences. (Unpublished master's thesis). Aarhus University, Demark. [36] Salanova, M., Agut, S., & Peiro, J. M. (2005). Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee productivity and customer loyalty: The mediation of service climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 1217-1227. [37] Schaufeli, W. B. (2013). What is engagement in C. Truss, K. Alfes, R. Debridge, A. Shantz, & E. Soane (Eds), Employee engagement in theory and practice. London: Routledge. [38] Schaufeli, W. B. & Van Rhenen, W. (2006). About the role of positive and negative emotions in managers' well-being: A study using the Jobrelated Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS). Gedrag & Organisatie, 19(4), 223-244. [39] Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a brief questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 701-716. [40] Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Work engagement and financial returns: A diary study on the role of job and personal resources. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82, 183-200.
Faith Prosper, Amah, Edwinah (PhD), Okocha, Belemenanya Friday (PhD), "Employee Engagement and Organizational Productivity: Theoretical Perspective" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.11 issue 5, May 2022, pp.21-28 URL: https://ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.11Issue5/21-28.pdf
Blockchain applications are powered by smart contracts which perform crypto exchanges according to the policies set by developers. These transactions are free-of-conflict and transparent. Though at the end of day these are all computer programs which means they are not immune from bugs. In this paper We focus on most common and deadly vulnerability called re-entrancy, which has caused numerous DAO and DeFi attacks costing millions to organizations and end-users alike. We have researched all sub-types of re-entrancies and hence proposed a novel solution to mitigate them all by ensuring all state changes happen before calling external smart contracts and using function modifiers to apply mutual exclusion lock like protocol to prevent it. Moreover, we have also compared my solution with that of other solutions been proposed on scale of their gas cost efficiency.
- Susmit Sandeep Patil M Tech Student, Department of Computer Engineering, KJSCE, Ghatkopar East, Mumbai, India
- Zaheed Shamsuddin Shaikh Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, KJSCE, Ghatkopar East, Mumbai, India
References
[1] C. Liu, H. Liu, Z. Cao, Z. Chen, B. Chen and B. Roscoe, "ReGuard: Finding Reentrancy Bugs in Smart Contracts," 2018 IEEE/ACM 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion (ICSE-Companion), 2018, pp. 65-68. [2] Y. Chinen, N. Yanai, J. P. Cruz and S. Okamura, "RA: Hunting for Re-Entrancy Attacks in Ethereum Smart Contracts via Static Analysis," 2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain), 2020, pp. 327-336, doi: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00048. [3] Alkhalifah A, Ng A, Watters PA and Kayes ASM (2021) A Mechanism to Detect and Prevent Ethereum Blockchain Smart Contract Reentrancy Attacks. Front. Comput. Sci. 3:598780. doi: 10.3389/fcomp.2021.598780. [4] N. Fatima Samreen and M. H. Alalfi, "Reentrancy Vulnerability Identification in Ethereum Smart Contracts," 2020 IEEE International Workshop on Blockchain Oriented Software Engineering (IWBOSE), 2020, pp. 22-29, doi: 10.1109/IWBOSE50093.2020.9050260. [5] P. Qian, Z. Liu, Q. He, R. Zimmermann and X. Wang, "Towards Automated Reentrancy Detection for Smart Contracts Based on Sequential Models," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 19685-19695, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2969429. [6] B. Jiang, Y. Liu and W. K. Chan, "ContractFuzzer: Fuzzing Smart Contracts for Vulnerability Detection," 2018 33rd IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE), 2018, pp. 259-269, doi: 10.1145/3238147.3238177. [7] Sereum: Protecting Existing Smart Contracts Against Re-Entrancy Attacks Rodler, M., Li, W., Karame, G. O., & Davi, L. (2018). Sereum: Protecting existing smart contracts against reentrancy attacks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1812.05934. [8] V. C. Bui, S. Wen, J. Yu, X. Xia, M. S. Haghighweand Y. Xiang, "Evaluating Upgradable Smart Contract," 2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain), 2021, pp. 252-256, doi: 10.1109/Blockchain53845.2021.00041. [9] Zhang, P., Xiao, F., & Luo, X. (2019). Soliditycheck: Quickly detecting smart contract problems through regular expressions. arXiv preprint arXiv:1911.09425. [10] S. Tikhomirov, E. Voskresenskaya, I. Ivanitskiy, R. Takhaviev, E. Marchenko and Y. Alexandrov, "SmartCheck: Static Analysis of Ethereum Smart Contracts," 2018 IEEE/ACM 1st International Workshop on Emerging Trends in Software Engineering for Blockchain (WETSEB), 2018, pp. 9-16. [11] Nicola Atzei, Massimo Bartoletti, and Tiziana Cimoli. 2017. A Survey of Attacks on Ethereum Smart Contracts (SoK). In International Conference on Principles of Security and Trust. Springer, 164–186. [12] Karthikeyan Bhargavan, Antoine Delignat-Lavaud, Cédric Fournet, Anitha Gol lamudi, Georges Gonthier, Nadim Kobeissi, A Rastogi, T Sibut-Pinote, N Swamy, and S Zanella-Beguelin. 2016. Formal verification of smart contracts. In Pro ceedings of the 2016 ACM Workshop on Programming Languages and Analysis for Security-PLAS’16. 91–96. [13] E. Hildenbrandt, M. Saxena, N. Rodrigues, X. Zhu, P. Daian, D. Guth, B. Moore, D. Park, Y. Zhang, A. Stefanescu et al., “Kevm: A complete formal semantics of the ethereum virtual machine,” in Proc. of CSF 2018. IEEE, 2018, pp. 204–217. [14] P. Tsankov, A. Dan, D. Drachsler-Cohen, A. Gervais, F. Buenzli, and M. Vechev, “Securify: Practical security analysis of smart contracts,” in Proc. of CCS 2018. ACM, 2018, pp. 67–82. [15] Dika, A., and Nowostawski, M. (2018). “Security vulnerabilities in Ethereum smart contracts,”in The institute of electrical and electronics engineers, Inc.(IEEE) conference proceedings, Halifax, NS, July 30–August 3, 2018 (IEEE), 955–962. [16] Hung, C., Chen, K., and Liao, C. (2019).“Modularizing cross-cutting concerns with aspect-oriented extensions for solidity,” in The institute of electrical and electronics engineers, Inc.(IEEE) conference proceedings, Newark, CA, April 4–9, 2019 (IEEE), 176–181.
Susmit Sandeep Patil, Zaheed Shamsuddin Shaikh, "No Re-entrancy Guard: A novel approach for mitigating all types of Re-entrancy bugs and evaluating its efficiency" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.11 issue 5, May 2022, pp.29-37 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2022.11501
A wireless sensor networks consists of spatially distributed nodes randomly deployed in a given environment. It consists of a sensor, for sensing environmental phenomenon, a transceiver for communication purposes, an energy constrained power source and a small amount of memory used in storing programs that controls the operation of the nodes. Sensors in WSN are normally used to gather information from the environment, these data are then aggregated and sent to a base station. Due to the limited energy and memory capacity of the nodes it becomes imperative that the protocol needed to aggregate this data must be light weight so as to increase the network lifetime. It has been observed that clustering which can be defined as dividing the nodes in a network into groups can help to minimize the energy consumption of the WSN. The idea behind a clustering algorithm is that sensors in a particular group sends their data to a cluster head while the cluster heads send the aggregated data in the group to the base station instead of individual sensors sending their individual data directly to the sink. This paper proposes an improved, distributed, randomized clustering algorithm that organizes the sensors in a network into hierarchical groups. The algorithm is an improvement over the hierarchical clustering algorithm employed currently by researchers in literature. The algorithm proved to minimize the energy consumption of the network especially in a networks of thousands of nodes. We used results in stochastic geometry to derive solutions for the values of parameters of our algorithm that minimize the total energy spent in the network when all sensors report data through the cluster heads to the sink. Simulation experiments show an improvement of at least 15% over the hierarchical clustering algorithms used in comparison in reducing total spent in the network thereby prolonging the lifetime of the network
- Page(s): 38-48
- Date of Publication: 09 June 2022
- FAGBOHUNMI, Griffin Siji Department of Computer Engineering Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
- Uchegbu Chinenye E. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
References
[1] Pottie G. J and Kaiser W. J “Wireless Integrated Network Sensors”, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp 51-58, May 2015.
[2] Baker D. J. and Ephremides A. “The Architectural Organization of a Mobile Radio Network via a Distributed Algorithm”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 29, No. 11, pp. 1694-1701, November 2000.
[3] Das B. and Bharghavan V. “Routing in Ad-Hoc Networks Using Minimum Connected Dominating Sets”, in Proceedings of ICC, 2014.
[4] Lin C. R. and Gerla M. “Adaptive Clustering for Mobile Wireless Networks”, Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, Vol. 15 pp. 1265-1275, September 2016.
[5] Amis A. D. Prakash R, Vuong T. H. P. and Huynh D. T., (2017) “ Max-Min D-Cluster Formation in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks”, in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, March 2017.
[6] Chiasserini C. F. Chlamtac I. Monti P and Nucci A., “Energy Efficient design of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks”, in Proceedings of European Wireless, February 2018.
[7] Ephremides A. Wieselthier J. E. and Baker D. J “A Design concept for Reliable Mobile Radio Networks with Frequency Hopping Signaling”, Proceeding of IEEE, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 56-73, 2016.
[8] A. K. Parekh A. K., “Selecting Routers in Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks”, in Proceedings of ITS, 2014.
[9] Okabe A, Boots B, Sugihara K. and Chiu S. N. Spatial Tessellations: Concepts and Applications of Voronoi Diagrams, 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 2016
[10] Foss S, G. and Zuyev S, A “On a Voronoi Aggregative Process Related to a Bivariate Poisson Process”, Advances in Applied Probability, Vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 965-981, 2014.
[11] Kahn J. Katz M. R. H and Pister K. S. J, “Next Century Challenges: Mobile Networking for Smart Dust”, in the Proceedings of 5th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing, and Networking (MobiCom 2014), pp. 271-278, Aug, 2014,
[12] Baccelli F. and Zuyev S, “Poisson Voronoi Spanning Trees with Applications to the Optimization of Communication Networks”, Operations Research, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 619-631, 2017.
[13] Warneke B., Last M,, Liebowitz B,, Kristofer and Pister S. J, “Smart Dust: Communicating with a Cubic-Millimeter Computer”, Computer Magazine, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp 44-51, Jan. 2018.
[14] Kahn J M., Katz R. H. and Pister K. S. J, “Next Century Challenges: Mobile Networking for Smart Dust”, in the 5th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2013), pp. 271-278, Aug 2013
[15] Hsu V., J. Kahn J.M, and Pister K. S. J., "Wireless Communications for Smart Dust", Electronics Research Laboratory Technical Memorandum/ 2, Feb. 2014. http://www.janet.ucla.edu/WINS/wins_intro.htm.
[16] Gupta P. and Kumar P. R., “The Capacity of Wireless Networks,”, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. IT-46, no. 2, pp. 388404, March 2016.
[17] Gupta P.and Kumar P. R. “Critical Power for Asymptotic Connectivity in Wireless Networks”, pp. 547-566, in Stochastic Analysis, Control, Optimization and Applications: A Volume in Honour of Fleming W. H.. Edited by W.M. McEneany W.M , G. Yin G , and Q. Zhang Q., Birkhauser, Boston, 2015. ISBN 0-8176-4078-9.
[18] Ye W., Heidemann J., and Estrin D. “An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks”, In Proceedings of the 21st International Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM 2017), New York, NY, USA, June, 2017.
[19] Bulusu N., Estrin D., Girod L., and Heidemann J. “Scalable Coordination for Wireless Sensor Networks: Self-Configuring Localization Systems”, In Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Communication Theory and Applications (ISCTA 2016), Ambleside, Lake District, UK, July 2016.
[20] Bulusu N. , Heidemann J., and Estrin D., “Adaptive beacon Placement”, Proceedings of the Twenty First International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS-21), Phoenix, Arizona, April 2017.
[21] McDonald A. B., and Znati T., “A Mobility Based Framework for Adaptive Clustering in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 17, No. 8, pp. 1466-1487, Aug. 2015.
[22] Gerla M., and Tsai J. T. C., “Multi-cluster, Mobile, Multimedia Radio Networks”, Wireless Networks, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 255-265, 2014.
[23] Basagni S., “Distributed Clustering for Ad Hoc Networks”, in Proceedings of International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms and Networks, pp. 310-315, June 2016.
[24] Basagni S. “Distributed and Mobility-Adaptive Clustering for Multimedia Support in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks”, in Proceedings of Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol. 2, pp. 889-893, 2016.
[25] Seema B. and Edward J. C. ‘ An energy efficient Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks in IEEE INFOCOM 2019 pp 362-378.. Sept 2019
[26] Amis A. D., and Prakash R. , “Load-Balancing Clusters in Wireless AdHoc Networks”, in Proceedings of ASSET 2016 , Richardson, Texas, March 2016.
[27] Perrig A., Szewczyk R., Wen V. and Tygar J. D., “SPINS: Security protocols for Sensor Networks”, in 7th Annual International Conference on Mobile computing and Networking, , pp. 189-199, 2017
[28] Carman D. W., Kruus P. S., and Matt B. J., “Constraints and approaches for distributed sensor network security”, NAI Labs Technical Report 00-010, September 2016.
FAGBOHUNMI, Griffin Siji, Uchegbu Chinenye E., "An Improved Hierarchical Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.11 issue 5, May 2022, pp.38-48 URL: https://ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.11Issue5/38-48.pdf
This paper helps in contribution towards distance learning via remote lab. The goal of this paper is to raise awareness of both students and lecturers for e-learning especially during Covid-19 pandemic. The proposed system OFDMA-RL for remote lab ensures the sharing of the lab equipment between multi-users at the same time. In this work, we did succeed to let locally two students work remotely at the same time with our eLab equipment. The system enabled us to conclude the feasibility and the efficacy of the technique OFDMA-RL. It encourages students to follow remotely courses and practical works. With this solution of the remote system, students can easily have access to their lectures, examinations and the use of laboratory equipment. This system enable decisions for the enhancement of infrastructures and also increased student access to equipment, a wider range of possible assignments or activities, and also brings hope for reducing costs and improving control education quality.
- Page(s): 49-52
- Date of Publication: 18 June 2022
- Nnamdi Johnson Ezeora Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
- Ogbene Nnaemeka Emeka Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
- Rabiu B. Malam Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
- Alexander Godwin Idemudia Department of Computer Science, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State.
References
[1] Corter, Nickerson, Esche, Chassapis, S. Im, and J. Ma., (2007). "Constructing reality: A study of remote, hands-on, and simulated laboratories". ACM Transaction, Computer-Human Interaction.
[2] Elmissaoui Taoufik, (2021). ” Time Division Multiple Access for Remote Lab (TDMA-RL)”, International Journal of online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE), issue 07 in June.
[3] Elmissaoui Taoufik, Charradi Sahbi, Selim Wafik, (2021). ” Quality Assurance for Remote-lab Systems by New Reporting Tool,” Rev 2021; 18th International Conference on Remote Engineering and virtual Instrumentation, Hong Kong, February 24-26: pp-341-348.
[4] Gurkan, Mickelson, and Benhaddou, (2008). "Remote laboratories for optical Circuits", IEEE Transactions on Education.
[5] Hashemian and Riddley, (2007). "FPGA e-lab, a technique to remote access a laboratory to design and test". IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Systems Education, MSE07.
[6] Ian Grout, (2017). ” Remote Laboratories as a Means to Widen Participation in STEM Education”, Educ. Sci., 7(4), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci7040085
[7] Ian Grout, (2014). ” Remote laboratories to support electrical and information engineering (EIE) laboratory access for students with disabilities”, IEEE, 2014 25th EAEEIE Annual Conference (EAEEIE).
[8] K. Kanonakis, I. Tomkos, H. Krimmel, F. Schaich, C. Lange, E. Weis, J. Leuthold, M. Winter, S. Romero, P. Kourtessis, M. Milosavljevic, I. Cano, and J. Prat, (2012).“An OFDMA-based optical access network architecture exhibiting ultra-high capacity and wireline wireless convergence,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 71–78.
[9] Karadimas and Efstathiou, (2007). "An integrated platform, implementing real, remote lab-experiments for electrical engineering courses". In WBED’07: Proceedings of the sixth conference on IASTED International Conference Web-Based Education, Anaheim, CA, USA. ACTA Press.
[10] Pawan, Pepic, Wong, and Gulak, (2005). "Lab on the web". In Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference for Upcoming Engineers (ICUE), volume 4. IEEE.
[11] S. Xu, S. Xu, and Y. Tanaka, (2016).“Sub-carrier sharing in OFDMPON for 5G mobile networks supporting radio-over-fibre,” in Optoelectronics and Communications Conf./Int. Conf. On Photonics in Switching, WA2-14.
[12] Ying Zhou, Yongsheng Liang , Wei Liu ,Lixia Zhao, (2017). ” Research on Video Motion Characteristics Extraction and Description Based on Human Visual Characteristics”, IEEE 2nd Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC), Chongqing, China, 25-26 March 2017
[13] Zimmer, Billaud, and Geoffroy, (2006). "A remote laboratory for electrical engineering education". In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Machine Computing, Washington DC, USA, IEEE Computer Society.
Nnamdi Johnson Ezeora, Ogbene Nnaemeka Emeka, Rabiu B. Malam, Alexander Godwin Idemudia, "An Enhanced Remote Laboratory System For E-Learning" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.11 issue 5, May 2022, pp.49-52 URL: https://ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.11Issue5/49-52.pdf