Abstract
Abstract: Linear algebra is a fundamental branch of mathematics that plays a crucial role with a wide range of applications to the natural sciences, to engineering, to computer sciences, to management and social sciences, and more various fields. However, for many students, certain topics within linear algebra including include eigenvalues and eigenvectors, determinants, and abstract vector spaces. can be challenging to grasp. This paper explores nine (9) pedagogical approaches to effectively teach and learn these difficult topics, aiming to enhance students' understanding and retention of linear algebra concepts.
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